Month: December 2022

Lee, A. published the artcileThe comparative gastrointestinal responses of children and adults following consumption of sweets formulated with sucrose, isomalt and lycasin HBC, Name: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is sucrose isomalt lycasin gastrointestinal tract child.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the gastrointestinal responses of children and adults following consumption of sucrose, isomalt and lycasin HBC and to compare these at two different dose levels in adults. DESIGN: Both studies were randomised, double-blind, cross-over designs. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one children aged 6-9 y were recruited from primary schools in the Salford area of Greater Manchester. Forty-eight children completed the study. Fifty healthy adult volunteers aged 18-24 yr were recruited from the student population of the University of Salford. All subjects completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Children consumed either 25 g of sucrose, isomalt or lycasin HBC and adults 25 and 40 g in hard boiled sweets per day for two consecutive test days. Test periods of 2 days were separated by 7 day washout periods. Children consumed sweets throughout test days and adults in no less than 30 min but no more than 90 min. Subjects reported the prevalence and magnitude of flatulence, borborygmi, bloating, colic, bowel movements and watery faeces. RESULTS: Consumption of 25 g isomalt provoked a mild laxative effect in children but not in adults. Consumption of 25 g isomalt significantly increased the prevalence and magnitude of gastrointestinal responses in both children and adults. Consumption of 25 g lycasin HBC significantly increased borborygml in children and adults but no other gastrointestinal responses. Consumption of 40 g lycasin HBC or isomalt by adults significantly increased the mean frequency of bowel movements and the number of subjects passing watery faeces. In adults, 40 g isomalt and lycasin HBC provoked significantly more gastrointestinal responses compared to 25 g of either product. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of 25 g lycasin HBC does not provoke an unacceptable laxative effect or gastrointestinal response in children or adults compared to 25 g isomalt, which is associated with a mild laxative effect and increase in gastrointestinal responses. In adults gastrointestinal responses following consumption of products were found to be dose dependent. SPONSORSHIP: Roquette Freres, Lestrem, France.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition published new progress about Child development. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Name: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kosakivska, Iryna V. published the artcileMolecular mechanisms of plant adaptive responses to heavy metals stress, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is review plant adaptive response heavy metal stress; heavy metals; micronutrients; pollutants; redistribution; transport.

Heavy metals (HMs) are among the main environmental pollutants that can enter the soil, water bodies, and the atm. as a result of natural processes (weathering of rocks, volcanic activity), and also as a result of human activities (mining, metallurgical and chem. industries, transport, application of mineral fertilizers). Plants counteract the HMs stresses through morphol. and physiol. adaptations, which are imparted through well-coordinated mol. mechanisms. New approaches, which include transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses, have opened the paths to understand such complex networks. This review sheds light on mol. mechanisms included in plant adaptive and defense responses during metal stress. It is focused on the entry of HMs into plants, its transport and accumulation, effects on the main physiol. processes, gene expressions included in plant adaptive and defense responses during HM stress. Anal. of new data allowed the authors to conclude that the most important mechanism of HM tolerance is extracellular and intracellular HM sequestration. Organic anions (malate, oxalate, etc.) provide extracellular sequestration of HM ions. Intracellular HM sequestration depends not only on a direct binding mechanism with different polymers (pectin, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, etc.) or organic anions but also on the action of cellular receptors and transmembrane transporters. We focused on the functioning chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the Golgi complex under HM stress. The currently known mol. mechanisms of plant tolerance to the toxic effects of HMs are analyzed.

Cell Biology International published new progress about Chemical industry. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gholamipour-Shirazi, Azarmidokht published the artcileDesigning hydrocolloid based food-ink formulations for extrusion 3D printing, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0, the main research area is food grade hydrocolloid paste ink elasticity 3D printing.

Cold extrusion 3D food printing is an emerging technol. which enables the manufacture of food in different shapes and structures and offers huge potential for personalised food products. This study investigates rheol. properties and printability (shape fidelity) of food-grade hydrocolloid pastes. From this study, it was found that if the phase angle is in the range of 3°-15° and the relaxation exponent is in the range of 0.03-0.13 the paste material is printable, which means that it can support its own-weight if printed. As the demand for inks for 3D printing increases, rheol. measurements can rapidly assist with the development of new ink feedstocks.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Ceratonia siliqua. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hao, Huili published the artcileStructural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from green alga Caulerpa racemosa var peltata, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Caulerpa galacturonic acid polysaccharide immunostimulant; Caulerpa racemosa var peltata; Immunostimulatory activity; Polysaccharide; Structural characteristics.

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide (named CRVP-1) was successfully obtained from Caulerpa racemosa var peltata by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and column chromatog. The structure of CRVP-1 was characterized by HPGPC, HPAEC-PAD, FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR. The structural anal. indicated that CRVP-1 possessed a sulfate content of 25.8% ± 0.7% and was a heteropolysaccharide with an average mol. weight of 29.68 kDa, and composed of mannose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid with rates of 92.1%, 2.9%, 1.8%, 1.7% and 1.2%, resp., owning a backbone structure of (1-6)-linked a-D-Manp residues with (1-4)-linked a-D-Manp and (1-2)-linked a-D-Manp residues and side chain that was consisted of (1-4)-linked b-D-Galp residues. The immunostimulatory assay revealed that CRVP-1 had significant effects on the proliferation of macrophage, production of NO and secretion of cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6). These findings provide a scientific basis for further utilization of polysaccharides from C. racemosa var peltata.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Caulerpa racemosa. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ding, Anzi published the artcileEffect of fatty acids on the flavor formation of fish sauce, Quality Control of 505-10-2, the main research area is Culter Carassius Ictalurus fatty acids flavor sauce.

An appropriate fish model helps track changes of lipid and fatty acid during fermentation Here we selected three freshwater fish (Culter alburnus, Carassius auratus and Ietalurus Punetaus) as the fermentative materials of fish sauce due to their significantly different contents of lipid and unsaturated fatty acid. The electronic nose showed that the flavor profiles of sauce samples prepared with different fish were dramatically different. A total of 71 volatile compounds of fish sauce were detected by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Then nine key flavor compounds, including 3-methylbutanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-ol, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, di-Me trisulfide, decanal and hexanol, were screened based on odor activity values. According to correlation anal. between fatty acid profiles and fish sauce aroma, possible pathways of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) oxidation were suggested: oleic acid undergone the auto-oxidation to mainly form 10- hydroperoxide and 11- hydroperoxide, and (or) secondary form 8-hydroperoxide, then converted to nonanal, octanal and decanal; linoleic acid undergone the enzymic oxidation to form 10-L(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadieuoic acid, then converted to 1-octen-3-ol.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Carassius auratus. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Quality Control of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Huang, Zhi published the artcileA novel polysaccharide from the roots of Millettia Speciosa Champ: preparation, structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Millettia root polysaccharide fucose arabinose galactose pinocytosis; Immunomodulatory activity; Millettia Speciosa champ polysaccharide; Structural characterization.

A novel polysaccharide fraction (MSCP2) was extracted and isolated from the roots of Millettia Speciosa Champ. Structural characterization revealed that MSCP2 had an average mol. weight of 2.85 × 104 Da and was composed of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and xylose with a ratio of 2.20: 2.52: 4.04: 87.29: 3.96. Methylation anal. and NMR (NMR) anal. showed that the main glycosidic linkage types of MSCP2 were proved to be α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Xylp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,4)-β-L-Fucp-(1→) and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→). The immunomodulatory assay suggested that MSCP2 could significantly improve the pinocytic capacity and increase the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines by regulating the corresponding mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells. The data from the membrane receptor assay demonstrated that the potential mechanisms of MSCP2-induced macrophage activation were mainly through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), scavenger receptor type A (SRA) and glucan receptor (GR)-mediated signaling pathways. These results suggested that MSCP2 can be developed as a promising immunomodulatory agent in functional foods.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Callerya speciosa. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tuskaev, Vladislav A. published the artcileNovel titanium(IV) diolate complexes with additional O-donor as precatalyst for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with reduced entanglement density: Influence of polymerization conditions and its implications on mechanical properties, Safety of 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, the main research area is titanium diolate complex precatalyst UHMWPE polymerization.

New alkoxo-titanium(IV) complexes with diolate ligand containing addnl. donor oxygen atom have been synthesized from readily available and scalable precursors. The structure of complex 4 was established by X-ray diffraction. Titanium atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry formed by six oxygen atoms of ligands. The resulting complexes 3-4 are moderately or highly active in ethylene polymerization in the presence of {EtnAlCl3-n + Bu2Mg} binary cocatalysts. The influence of the nature of the solvent, the organoaluminum cocatalyst and the polymerization temperature on the activity of catalytic systems, and the properties of the resulting polymers were studied. The obtained polymers are linear polyethylene of ultrahigh mol. weight (up to 5.8·106 g mol-1) with a broad mol. weight distribution. The polymers are suitable for the modern methods of polymer processing-the solventless solid-state formation of super high-strength (breaking strength up to 2.8 GPa) and high-modulus (elastic modulus up to 140 GPa) oriented films and film tapes. The possibility of scaling up the synthesis of ultrahigh mol. weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) without a significant drop in the productivity of the catalytic system and polymer properties is shown. UHMWPE samples have been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods to study the structural changes induced by solid-state drawing of nascent reactor powders.

Applied Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about Breaking strength. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zakowiecki, Daniel published the artcilePreparation of delayed-release multiparticulate formulations of diclofenac sodium and evaluation of their dissolution characteristics using biorelevant dissolution methods, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0, the main research area is diclofenac sodium dissolution drug formulation.

Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug for preparation of delayed-release (DR) multiparticulates, which were further processed into solid oral dosage forms such as capsules and tablets. Multiple unit pellets systems (MUPS) were prepared from different types of starter pellets (inert cores) including microcrystalline cellulose pellets, sugar spheres, isomalt pellets and novel calcium phosphate-based pellets. The study results showed that the material of the inert cores affected both mech. properties of the drug-loaded pellets and the dissolution characteristic of the model drug. Biorelevant dissolution method carried out with the help of a pHysio-grad device allowed thorough examination of the developed formulations in the environment mimicking pH conditions along gastrointestinal tract. This method revealed significant differences between the formulations and their sensitivity to variable hydrodynamic conditions.

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology published new progress about Breaking strength. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Kaili published the artcileEditable shape-memory transparent wood based on epoxy-based dynamic covalent polymer with excellent optical and thermal management for smart building materials, Safety of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is editable shape memory transparent wood epoxy dynamic covalent polymer; optical thermal management smart building material.

Transparent wood (TW) with excellent optical and thermal management performance has been recently developed as a promising energy-efficient building material. Here, editable shape-memory TW (ESMTW) is developed through in situ polymerization of epoxy-based dynamic covalent polymers (EDCP) into a delignified wood scaffold. ESMTW possesses stiffness at low temperature and flexibility at high temperatures, while it exhibits excellent solid-state plasticity and shape-manipulation capability under thermal stimuli. Meanwhile, ESMTW shows unique light guiding and directional scattering effects, and the transmitted light intensity distribution is tunable owing to the shape-management capability. Addnl., the resultant TW possesses great thermal insulation properties. The combination of characteristics enables TW to exhibit great promise as an advanced functional and intelligent building material toward a sustainable society, especially for three-dimensional applications (e.g., curved or irregularly shaped glass, windows, ceilings, rooftops.). It may also provide new ideas for fabricating transparent and shape-editable optical/electronic devices.

Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) published new progress about Breaking strength. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Safety of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mahanta, Bhaskar Protim published the artcilePhytotoxic essential oil from black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) rhizome: Screening, efficacy, chemical basis, uptake and mode of transport, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is black turmeric rhizome phytotoxic essential oil screening transport.

Plant-based phytotoxins play an important role in plant-plant interaction and are of great promise for the development of bioherbicide. In this study, screening of essential oils from six different Curcuma rhizomes identified black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) oil as an efficient growth inhibitor in wheatgrass coleoptile bioassay (IC50 57.1μg/mL). The phytotoxic efficacy of this oil was further confirmed through the dose dependent (10.0-300.0μg/mL) inhibition of germination, coleoptile and radicle growth of wheatgrass seeds in water medium (IC50 176.7, 90.6 and 93.0μg/mL resp.) and the pre-germinated seeds in agar medium. Activity-guided fractionation and purification of the crude oil identified curzerenone, a major furanosesquiterpene in this oil as the most active phytotoxin (IC50 13.0μg/mL in coleoptile bioassay; 188.3, 34.7 and 36.7μg/mL resp. in water medium). Structure-activity relationship study indicated the importance of all the functional groups for its phytotoxicity. A significant contribution by the oxygenated monoterpenes towards oil phytotoxicity was also evidenced. Though inhibitory efficacy of the oil was comparatively weak in soil, a profound activity through aerial diffusion was observed against germination and/or growth of fresh and pre-germinated wheatgrass seeds (IC50 1.4-6.2 mg/L air). The study also confirmed the uptake of active phytotoxins with no detectable transformation by the seeds in water and their persistence in the soil for at least one and half months. Further, its applicability was demonstrated through an efficient post-emergence growth inhibition (IC50 37.0-81.4μg/mL) of bermudagrass weed in water and agar medium.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Biological uptake. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts