Month: December 2022

Dommerholt, Marleen B. published the artcileShort-term protein restriction at advanced age stimulates FGF21 signalling, energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is FGF21 signalling protein white adipose tissue energy expenditure age; FGF21 signalling; browning of white adipose tissue; dietary protein restriction; energy metabolism; thermogenesis.

Dietary protein restriction has been demonstrated to improve metabolic health under various conditions. However, the relevance of ageing and age-related decline in metabolic flexibility on the effects of dietary protein restriction has not been addressed. Therefore, we investigated the effect of short-term dietary protein restriction on metabolic health in young and aged mice. Young adult (3 mo old) and aged (18 mo old) C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to a 3-mo dietary protein restriction. Outcome parameters included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels, muscle strength, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure (EE) and transcriptomics of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we report that a low-protein diet had beneficial effects in aged mice by reducing some aspects of age-related metabolic decline. These effects were characterized by increased plasma levels of FGF21, browning of s.c. WAT, increased body temperature and EE, while no changes were observed in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the low-protein diet used in this study was well-tolerated in aged mice indicated by the absence of adverse effects on body weight, locomotor activity and muscle performance. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a short-term reduction in dietary protein intake can impact age-related metabolic health alongside increased FGF21 signalling, without neg. affecting muscle function. These findings highlight the potential of protein restriction as a strategy to induce EE and browning of WAT in aged individuals.

FEBS Journal published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Millar, Jocelyn G. published the artcileA Symmetrical Diester as the Sex Attractant Pheromone of the North American Click Beetle Parallelostethus attenuatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Application In Synthesis of 111-87-5, the main research area is Parallelostethus Coleoptera Elateridae adult; 1,8-Octanediol dihexanoate; Click beetle; Elateridae; Sex pheromone.

Hexanoic acid, 1-octanol, 1,8-octanediol, octyl hexanoate, 1,8-octanediol monohexanoate, and 1,8-octanediol dihexanoate were identified in headspace volatiles collected from the crushed abdomen of a female click beetle of the species Parallelostethus attenuatus (Say) (Elaterinae, tribe Elaterini). In field trials carried out in Illinois, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, adult male beetles were strongly attracted to 1,8-octanediol dihexanoate alone. Blends of the dihexanoate with one or more of the other compounds proved to be less attractive than the dihexanoate alone, suggesting that the pheromone of this species may consist of a single compound The sym diester structure of the pheromone is a novel natural product and appears to be structurally unique among insect pheromones.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application In Synthesis of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Margolis, Lee M. published the artcileMetabolomic profiles are reflective of hypoxia-induced insulin resistance during exercise in healthy young adult males, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is insulin resistance glucose oxidation metabolome treadmill exercise adult gender; branched-chain amino acids; fatty acids; glycogenolysis; high altitude; substrate oxidation.

Hypoxia-induced insulin resistance appears to suppress exogenous glucose oxidation during metabolically matched aerobic exercise during acute (<8 h) high-altitude (HA) exposure. However, a better understanding of this metabolic dysregulation is needed to identify interventions to mitigate these effects. The objective of this study was to determine if differences in metabolomic profiles during exercise at sea level (SL) and HA are reflective of hypoxia-induced insulin resistance. Native lowlanders (n = 8 males) consumed 145 g (1.8 g/min) of glucose while performing 80-min of metabolically matched treadmill exercise at SL (757 mmHg) and HA (460 mmHg) after 5-h exposure. Exogenous glucose oxidation and glucose turnover were determined using indirect calorimetry and dual tracer technique ([13C]glucose and [6,6-2H2]glucose). Metabolite profiles were analyzed in serum as change (Δ), calculated by subtracting postprandial/exercised state SL (ΔSL) and HA (ΔHA) from fasted, rested conditions at SL. Compared with SL, exogenous glucose oxidation, glucose rate of disappearance, and glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were lower (P < 0.05) during exercise at HA. One hundred and eighteen metabolites differed between ΔSL and ΔHA (P < 0.05, Q < 0.10). Differences in metabolites indicated increased glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid catabolism, oxidative stress, and fatty acid storage, and decreased fatty acid mobilization for ΔHA. Branched-chain amino acids and oxidative stress metabolites, Δ3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate (r = -0.738) and Δγ-glutamylalanine (r = -0.810), were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with Δexogenous glucose oxidation Δ3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (r = -0.762) and Δ2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate (r = -0.738) were inversely associated (P < 0.05) with glucose MCR. Coupling global metabolomics and glucose kinetic data suggest that the underlying cause for diminished exogenous glucose oxidative capacity during aerobic exercise is acute hypoxia-mediated peripheral insulin resistance. American Journal of Physiology published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rivero, Roy published the artcileDevelopment and characterization of two gelatin candies with alternative sweeteners and fruit bioactive compounds, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is gelatin candy sweetener fruit bioactive compound characterization.

The objective of this work was to develop sensory acceptable fruit-based alternative gelatin candies without the addition of free sugars, and with an improved nutritional profile. Two gelatin candies were developed containing orange (OC) and raspberry (RC) juices as a source of color, flavor and bioactive compounds A propolis extract was added as a source of polyphenols and as natural preservative. The developed candies presented textural characteristics typical of com. products. Sensory studies indicated that both formulations could be outstanding alternatives for people looking for new options of lower calories candies. Children preferred RC (82%) compared to OC (56%); while adults liked both formulations without significant differences. Candies presented potential functional properties: total phenolic content of 491.9 ± 33.8, and 550.8 ± 84.7 mg GAE/100 g for OC and RC, resp. Addnl., antioxidant capacity values were 1.60 ± 0.06, and 1.82 ± 0.08 mmol Trolox/100 g for OC and RC, resp. Candies were microbiol. stable during 90 days at 25°C. Moreover, they showed a decrease in water content (4-5 g H2O/100 g), which caused slight textural changes along storage. These variations, together with color changes (ΔE00 above 2) suggested the need of an opaque hermetical packaging to protect the candies.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dominiak, Karolina published the artcileEffects of Endurance Training on the Coenzyme Q Redox State in Rat Heart, Liver, and Brain at the Tissue and Mitochondrial Levels: Implications for Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Respiratory Chain Remodeling, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is voltage dependent anion channel 1 antioxidant oxidative stress adult; coenzyme Q; endurance training; mitochondrial energetics; reactive oxygen species.

Sixteen adult, 4-mo-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the training group (n = 8) or the control group (n = 8). We elucidated the effects of 8 wk of endurance training on coenzyme Q (Q) content and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the tissue level and in isolated mitochondria of the rat heart, liver and brain. We demonstrated that endurance training enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in all tested organs, while a significant increase in the Q redox state was observed in the heart and brain, indicating an elevated level of QH2 as an antioxidant. Moreover, endurance training increased the mQH2 antioxidant pool in the mitochondria of the heart and liver, but not in the brain. At the tissue and isolated mitochondria level, an increase in ROS formation was only observed in the heart. ROS formation observed in the mitochondria of individual rat tissues after training may be associated with changes in the activity/amount of individual components of the oxidative phosphorylation system and its mol. organization, as well as with the size of the oxidized pool of mitochondrial Q acting as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain. Our indicate that tissue-dependent changes induced by endurance training in the cellular and mitochondrial QH2 pool acting as an antioxidant and in the mitochondrial Q pool serving the respiratory chain may serve important roles in energy metabolis, redox homeostasis and the level of oxidative stress.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Costa, Carina Pedrosa published the artcileMetabolomics profiling of human exhaled breath condensate by SPME/GC × GC-ToFMS: Exploratory study on the use of face masks at the level of lipid peroxidation volatile markers, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5, the main research area is human EBC volatile metabolomic lipid peroxidation SPME GC ToFMS.

Metabolomics encompasses the acquisition of large-scale datasets from a single sample to identify and/or elucidate physiol. or pathol. mechanisms, or even to assess environmental exposure, being sample preparation and instrumental anal. two fundamental steps in the construction of a metabolomics workflow. The study of the human exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has gained tremendous interest recently owing to the advances in anal. techniques. Thus, this study aims to develop a methodol. for EBC metabolites profiling based on headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. (GC × GC). Metabolite′s extraction efficiency was improved by the optimization of four SPME parameters using a real EBC matrix: fiber coating, sample pH and volume, and extraction temperature The EBC anal. was performed according to the optimized parameters, using aliquots of 500 μL of EBC, at its physiol. pH, with the DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber coating, at 40.0 ± 0.1 °C, being able to detect analytes at pg/mL, with acceptable reproducibility. The EBC volatile composition was provided, with around 400 chem. features detected, in which 130 were putatively identified as belonging to hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcs., ketones, esters, monoterpenic and sesquiterpenic compounds, ethers, norisoprenoids and furans, revealing therefore its high complexity. This research represents the most detailed study on the volatile composition of EBC and allows the assessment of a broad range of endogenous and exogenous metabolites, with further relevance on clin. or environmental exposure studies. To test the applicability of this methodol., an exploratory study was carried out to assess the impact of the use of surgical facemasks on young researcher′s lipid peroxidation volatile markers during a normal working day in a laboratory In young healthy adults (age ≤ 32), the use of surgical facemasks seems not significantly affect the levels of the volatile markers of lipid peroxidation (aliphatic alkanes and aldehydes), neither the O2 saturation level – SpO2. This methodol. shows promise as a convenient way to follow specific physiol. or pathol. conditions based on EBC metabolome and may be paired as part of an aggregate anal. structure.

Microchemical Journal published new progress about Adult, mammalian. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yu, Yue published the artcileLight-driven core-shell fiber actuator based on carbon nanotubes/liquid crystal elastomer for artificial muscle and phototropic locomotion, Synthetic Route of 7575-23-7, the main research area is carbon nanotube liquid crystal elastomer artificial muscle actuator.

Soft actuators controlled by untethered methods have aroused growing attention on account of their flexibility and controllability. Soft actuators shaped in a one-dimensional structure are highly desired in diverse practical applications. In this paper, we fabricate a new core-shell CNTs@LCE fiber soft actuator made of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber coating with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) shell. Thanks to the outstanding photothermal conversion capacity of CNTs and remarkable thermal-contraction characteristic of LCE, the obtained core-shell CNTs@LCE fiber actuator can be controlled by near-IR light with excellent phototropic bending to arbitrary directions, lifting loads more than 4600 times of its own weight and acting as artificial muscle to control the feature of biomimetic elbow and gripper with loads. More intriguingly, the core-shell CNTs@LCE fiber can fulfill unprecedented photo-driven phototropic locomotion including tracking the moving light source, climbing a slanted surface, and optically steering as well. The involved unique photo-driven phototropic movement mechanism has been revealed exptl. and theor., which is highly expected to guide the fabrication of other soft smart fiber actuators for advanced applications.

Carbon published new progress about Actuators (soft). 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Synthetic Route of 7575-23-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nikitina, Liliya E. published the artcileStructural details on the interaction of biologically active sulfur-containing monoterpenoids with lipid membranes, Formula: C10H18O, the main research area is monoterpenoid lipid membrane dodecylphosphocholine POPC NMR.

In this work, we propose the synthesis of new thioterpenoids of a bornane series and study the influence of these compounds on hemostasis. The results from this study suggest that among all investigated terpenoids, sodium ([(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]thio) acetate may be the most promising for further development due to enhanced inhibition of the spontaneous aggregation compared with isoborneol, and because of its higher solubility in water compared with ([(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]thio) acetic acid, which has approx. the same antiaggregatory and anticoagulant properties. In accordance with one hypothesis, the distribution of the studied bioactive mols. within the cellular lipid membrane can directly influence the anticoagulant properties. In the current work, the interactions of thioterpenoids with phospholipid membranes have been studied using various NMR techniques. The findings of this study indicate that sodium ([(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]thio) acetateexhibits a membrane location, which is shifted somewhat in the direction of the lipid-water interface. Such a location may shield the compound from interactions with hydrophobic lipid segments. These results represent an initial step toward developing new drugs based on the synthesized thioterpenoids in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of several human diseases accompanying disorders in the hemostasis system.

Journal of Molecular Liquids published new progress about Action potential. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Formula: C10H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nichenko, Anna S. published the artcileLifelong Ulk1-mediated autophagy deficiency in muscle induces mitochondrial dysfunction and contractile weakness, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is Ulk1 DRP1 BNIP3 Pink1 skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction; aging; autophagy flux; mitophagy; neuromuscular junction; sarcopenia.

The accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to insufficient autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiol. of skeletal muscle aging. Ulk1 is an autophagy-related kinase that initiates autophagosome assembly and may also play a role in autophagosome degradation (i.e., autophagy flux), but the contribution of Ulk1 to healthy muscle aging is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Ulk1-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle aging. At age 22 mo (80% survival rate), muscle contractile and metabolic function were assessed using electrophysiol. in muscle-specific Ulk1 knockout mice (MKO) and their littermate controls (LM). Specific peak-isometric torque of the ankle dorsiflexors (normalized by tibialis anterior muscle cross-sectional area) and specific force of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles was reduced in MKO mice compared to LM mice (p < 0.03). Permeabilized muscle fibers from MKO mice had greater mitochondrial content, yet lower mitochondrial oxygen consumption and greater reactive oxygen species production compared to fibers from LM mice (p ≤ 0.04). Alterations in neuromuscular junction innervation patterns as well as changes to autophagosome assembly and flux were explored as possible contributors to the pathol. features in Ulk1 deficiency. Of primary interest, we found that Ulk1 phosphorylation (activation) to total Ulk1 protein content was reduced in older muscles compared to young muscles from both human and mouse, which may contribute to decreased autophagy flux and an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Results from this study support the role of Ulk1-mediated autophagy in aging skeletal muscle, reflecting Ulk1 0s dual role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity through autophagosome assembly and degradation International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Action potential. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhu, Rugang published the artcilePectin oligosaccharides from fruit of Actinidia arguta: Structure-activity relationship of prebiotic and antiglycation potentials, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Actinidia fruit pectin oligosaccharide prebiotic antiglycation; Actinidia arguta; Antiglycation activity; Pectin oligosaccharides; Prebiotic activity; Structure-activity relationship.

Pectin oligosaccharides (POSs) have prebiotic and antiglycation activities in vitro, but the specific structure-activity relationship is unclear. In this study, POSs were obtained by enzymic and ultrasound-assisted enzymic degradation of pectin polysaccharide (PPS), resp. Based on the chem. characterization, the antiglycation in vitro and prebiotic activities of POSs were compared and the structure-activity relationship was studied. The results showed that the antiglycation activity of POSs in vitro was proportional to the galacturonic acid content and GalA:Rha molar ratios except for the low mol. weight POSs (LM-POSs), and inversely proportional to its branching degree, such as Ara:Rha and Gal:Rha molar ratios. In addition, it was also found that the prebiotic activity of POSs was pos. correlated with Ara:Rha and Gal:Rha molar ratios in mol. composition and the neutral sugar content, especially galactose and arabinose. The degree of esterification (DE) was less important for both antiglycation and prebiotic activity of POSs. These results provided an important theor. basis for POSs application in food.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Actinidia arguta. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts