Month: December 2022

Chen, Ruizhan published the artcileUltrasonic disruption extraction, characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides from wild Armillaria mellea, Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is Armillaria polysaccharide splenocyte lymphocyte macrophage ultrasonic disruption extraction; Armillariamellea polysaccharides; Biological activities; Carbohydrate chemistry; Physicochemical properties.

An efficient ultrasonic disruption extraction (UDE) of polysaccharides from Armillariamellea (AM) were optimized by response surface methodol. (RSM). Under optimum conditions: ultrasonic power 915.00 W, temperature 69.27°C and time 39.13 min, the crude polysaccharides (AMPs) yield was 19.5%. Two purified fractions AMPs-1-1 and AMPs-2-1 were obtained through anion-exchange and gel chromatog. AMPs-1-1 was a heteropolysaccharide with average mol. weights of 1.23 × 105 Da, and composed of Glc, Gal and GlcA with mole percentages of 89.06%, 9.59% and 1.34%, resp., owning a backbone structure of (1→)-β-D-Glcp, (1 → 3,6)-α-D-Glcp and (1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp residues. AMPs-2-1 was a heteropolysaccharide with average mol. weights of 6.76 × 104 Da, and composed of Glc, Gal, GlcA and Man with mole percentages of 65.28%, 22.87%, 2.87% and 8.98%, containing a main backbone chain of (1 → 3,6)-α-D-Glcp and (1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp residues. AMPs-2-1 possessed obviously antioxidant activities in terms of stronger scavenging activity against DPPH· and ABTS+·, higher FRAP and ORAC value than AMPs-1-1. AMPs-2-1 could promote splenocyte lymphocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages proliferation and enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages, exhibited significant immunomodulatory activities. These results suggested that UDE is an effective extract technol., and AMPs-2-1 could be explored as potential natural antioxidants and immunomodulatory agents.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Lingyu published the artcileStructural characterization and antioxidant activities of one neutral polysaccharide and three acid polysaccharides from the roots of Arctium lappa L.: A comparison, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Arctium root polysaccharide antioxidant; Antioxidant ability; Arctium lappa L.; Comparison; Polysaccharide; Structural characterization.

In this work, we comparatively analyzed the structure and antioxidant activities of different polysaccharide fractions from Arctium lappa L. A total of four water-soluble polysaccharide fractions (ALP-1, ALP-2, ALP-3 and ALP-4) were obtained from the roots of Arctium lappa L. They differed in monosaccharide composition, mol. weight and linkage mode. ALP-1 and ALP-2 mainly consisted of fructose, with average mol. weights of 2.676 x 103 and 2.503 x 104 g/mol, resp. ALP-3 and ALP-4 were mainly composed of fructose, arabinose and galactose, with average mol. weights of 9.709 x 104 and 6.790 x 104 g/mol, resp. Furthermore, Fourier transform IR spectrometry, methylation anal. and NMR spectroscopy suggested that the main polysaccharide ALP-1 had a linear chain of (1 → 2)-linked β-D-Fructofuranosyl backbone (n ≈ 15) linked to a terminal (1 → 2)-linked α-D-Glucopyranosyl at the non-reducing end. All five polysaccharides displayed high antioxidant ability, especially ALP-4 in H2O2-induced HepG2 cell model and ALP-1 in metronidazole [MET]-induced zebrafish model. These findings provided comparative information on the structure and biol. activity of different burdock polysaccharides and highlighted their potential as antioxidants in functional foods.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Juan published the artcileUnravelling calcium-alleviated aluminium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana: Insights into regulatory mechanisms using proteomics, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Arabidopsis calcium aluminum toxicity proteomics; Aluminium toxicity; Calcium; Organic acid; Proteomics; Signal transduction; TCA cycle.

Here, the aim of this work was to study the role of exogenous Ca in alleviating Al toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. For that we used the methods of physiol. and proteomics. Results showed that Ca alleviated Al-induced growth inhibition and decreased Al accumulation. Proteomic analyses showed that 75 differentially expressed protein spots, including those related to organic acid metabolism, cell wall components, cellular transport, signal transduction and antioxidant activity, transcription and protein metabolism were identified during the response of Arabidopsis to Ca alleviated Al toxicity. Ca regulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related protein abundances and affected organic acid concentrations and related enzyme activities under Al stress. Vacuolar and mitochondrion ATP (ATP) synthase, and cell wall component-related proteins played important roles in Ca-alleviated Al toxicity. Ethylene-insensitive 3 participated in Ca-alleviated Al toxicity. Glutathione S-transferase (GST6) and glutathione S-transferase tau 19 were associated with antioxidant activities induced by Ca under Al stress. Our results may contribute to an understanding of the functional mechanism by which Ca alleviates Al stress in plants. Our results elucidated how Ca alleviate the effects of Al toxicity on the inhibition of plant growth and Al accumulation in plants using the proteomics and physiol. methods, which may contribute to a better understanding of the mol. mechanism of Ca alleviation Al stress in plants.

Journal of Proteomics published new progress about Antioxidants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zebeljan, Aleksandra published the artcileDynamic changes in common metabolites and antioxidants during Penicillium expansum-apple fruit interactions, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Penicillium Malus fruit decay metabolites antioxidants dynamics.

Penicillium expansum-infected apple fruit resulted in a disrupted balance of primary metabolites and impacted the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The initial decline in fructose, malic acid, shikimic acid and total ascorbate content (6 hpi) was followed by a significant increase in malic acid (24 hpi) and total glutathione (3 dpi). Significant increase in sucrose was accompanied by a decline in glucose and ascorbate content (5 dpi). Total glutathione and shikimic acid gradually deteriorated with symptom development. A neg. correlation was found between sucrose and ascorbate-glutathione pool. Other correlations were strong amongst other metabolites and lesion size indicating that they may be involved or important for apple fruit decay.

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology published new progress about Antioxidants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vasantharaja, Raguraman published the artcileAttenuation of oxidative stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells by sulfated polysaccharide from Padina gymnospora, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Padina mitochondrial dysfunction cytotoxicity fibroblast sulfated polysaccharide oxidative stress; Antioxidants; Oxidative stress; Padina gymnospora; Reactive oxygen species; Sulfated polysaccharide.

In this present study, isolation, characterization and protective effect of sulfated polysaccharide (SP) isolated from the brown algae Padina gymnospora was investigated. SP was isolated and characterized through FT-IR, 1H NMR, TGA, GC-MS and CHN anal. The mol. weight of SP was found to be 16 kDa. The isolated SP contains 29.4 ± 0.35% of sulfate, 27 ± 0.11% of fucose, 0.05 ± 0.12% of protein, resp. Furthermore, SP exhibits its excellent radical scavenging effects were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Moreover, pretreatment with SP significantly mitigates H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in L-929 cells in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, SP pretreatment ameliorates oxidative stress induced apoptosis and DNA damage, alleviates the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restores mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in L-929 cells through its antioxidant potential. Together, these results suggest that SP can be exploited as a natural antioxidant in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cai, Bingna published the artcileComposition characterization of oyster polysaccharides from Crassostrea hongkongensis and their protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Crassostrea small intestine epithelial cell polysaccharide oxidative damage; IEC-6; Oxidative stress; Oyster polysaccharide.

In this study, we aimed to measure the ability of oyster polysaccharides to promote IEC-6 cell migration and antioxidant activity and further describe their cytoprotective effect on H2O2-challenged IEC-6 cells. The C30-60% fraction of polysaccharides (CHP2) showed rapid stimulation of IEC-6 cell migration after wounding. Then, CHP2 was fractionated into four fractions, namely, CHP2-1, CHP2-2, CHP2-3 and CHP2-4. The CHP2-3 fraction possessed high scavenging activities against 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), in comparison with other fractions. And CHP2-3 was heteropolysaccharide with sulfuric esters, and it was mainly composed of glucose, galactose and arabinose and had an average mol. weight of 41.81 kDa. Pretreatment with CHP2 and CHP2-3 significantly improved the survival rate of H2O2-treated IEC-6 cells, and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Moreover, CHP2-3 also significantly decreased H2O2-mediated increases in the secretion of IL-1β and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and attenuated NF-kB p65 activation. These results indicate that CHP2-3 may play a vital role in reducing oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells via radical scavenging, decreasing proinflammatory factors secretion, inhibiting the NF-kB pathway, and thus, reducing cell apoptosis.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fahmi, Abdelgawad published the artcilePhytochemicals, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on diethylnitrosamine toxicity in rats, Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, the main research area is ginger diethylnitrosamine toxicity phytochem antioxidant activity hepatoprotective effect; Diethylnitrosamine toxicity; essential oil; ginger; hepatoprotective effect.

Chronic liver damage has serious medical consequences. To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of dry Zingiber officinale (ginger) and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) toxicity in rats. Phenols and flavonoids components were characterized in dry ginger using HPLC-UV instrument while ginger essential oil (E.O.) was investigated via GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity was determined in-vitro. In rat model, ginger was administrated for 2 mo. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, liver functions and histopathol. were assessed. Chlorogenic acid (63.85ppm) and hesperidin (156.91ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in dry ginger. Curcumene (15.21%) and linalool (13.47%) represent the main E.O. constituents. In rats treated with ginger E.O., a significant elevation in serum HDL (31.14%) was accompanied by a decrease in LDL (55.14%). A significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP was reported (56.85% and 53.84%, resp.). Serum GSH-Px activity has significantly increased 75.06%. Meanwhile, E.O. showed anticancer potential against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 40μg/mL). Liver histopathol. examinations confirmed the protective effect against abnormalities. Ginger was able to reduce the severity of DEN-cytotoxicity in rats, which suggests a novel antioxidant role originating from this medicinal plant.

Biomarkers published new progress about Antioxidants. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Synthetic Route of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Jianzhi published the artcileCharacterization of exopolysaccharides produced by microalgae with antitumor activity on human colon cancer cells, Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is Chlorella colon cancer cell exopolysaccharide antitumor; Antioxidant; Antitumor; Exopolysaccharides; Microalgae; Physicochemical characterization.

The physicochem. characteristics, antioxidant and antitumor activities of partial purified exopolysaccharides from microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-9, Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorococcum sp. were investigated. The mol. weights were 1.94 × 105, 7.39 × 103 and 3.24 × 104 g/mol, resp. Monosaccharide anal. indicating that these exopolysaccharides consisted of ten different kinds of sugars and derivatives, resp. Furthermore, they exhibited obvious free radicals scavenging abilities, which reached to 55.2-71.4% and 63.1-77.5% on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, resp. Moreover, the antitumor effects were investigated using human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HCT8. The results showed that they had significant antitumor effects considering the inhibitory effects on cell viabilities (17.2-19.2% on HCT116, and 22.9-38.6 on HCT8, resp.), and could decrease the colony amounts (21-42.8% on HCT116, and 11.5-35.2% on HCT8, resp.) at the tested dosage. Thus, these exopolysaccharides may be worth further investigating as effective potential antitumor agents.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Jianzhi published the artcileProduction and characterization of exopolysaccharides from Chlorella zofingiensis and Chlorella vulgaris with anti-colorectal cancer activity, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Chlorella exopolysaccharide colon cancer antioxidant anticancer agent; Antitumor; Chlorella vulgaris; Chlorella zofingiensis; Exopolysaccharide; Physicochemical property.

The production, physicochem. characteristics, antioxidant and antitumor activities of partial purified exopolysaccharides from Chlorella zofingiensis, Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. The final exopolysaccharides productions were 208.4, 364.3 mg/L and the average mol. weights were 2.66×104, 1.88×104 Da, resp. Monosaccharide anal. indicating that these exopolysaccharides consisted of 10 or 11 different kinds of sugars and derivatives, resp. Addnl., they exhibited obvious radical scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, which reached to 59.6-71.5% and 44.5-70.4%, resp. Moreover, the antitumor effects were studied using human colon cancer cell lines HCT8. The results showed that they had significant antitumor effects considering the inhibitory effects on cell viabilities (28.3-18.0% on HCT8, resp.). Thus, these exopolysaccharides from microalgae species are worth further investigating as alternative potential antitumor agents.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wu, Hongyan published the artcileComparison of different extraction methods of polysaccharides from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Silphium polysaccharide enzyme assisted hot water extraction method.

The purpose of the present research was to compare the effects of four extraction methods on the extraction yields, physicochem. characteristics, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) (CPPs). The extraction methods included the hot water extraction method (HEM), ultrasonic-assisted extraction method (UEM), enzyme-assisted extraction method (EEM), and the ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted extraction method (UEEM). Four corresponding CPP extracts, HEM-CPPs, UEM-CPPs, EEM-CPPs, and UEEM-CPPs, were obtained. The results indicated that there were notable differences between the extraction methods regarding the yield, average mol. weight, uronic acid content, monosaccharide proportions, and the antioxidant activities of the CPPs. HEM-CPPs were extracted with the lowest yield (6.44%). EEM-CPPs had the largest extraction yield (9.87%) and the most notable antioxidant abilities of ferric reducing power and free radical scavenging activity. According to correlation anal., the higher antioxidant abilities of EEM-CPPs might be due to their smaller average mol. weight and a higher content of uronic acid than those of the other extracted CPPs. Therefore, EEM could serve as a promising technique for extracting CPPs.

Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts