Month: December 2022

Tomuta, Ioan published the artcileDevelopment and validation of NIR-chemometric methods for chemical and pharmaceutical characterization of meloxicam tablets, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0, the main research area is NIR chemometric meloxicam tablet pharmaceutical characterization.

Context: Near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy is an important component of a Process Anal. Technol. (PAT) toolbox and is a key technol. for enabling the rapid anal. of pharmaceutical tablets. Objective: The aim of this research work was to develop and validate NIR-chemometric methods not only for the determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients content but also pharmaceutical properties (crushing strength, disintegration time) of meloxicam tablets. Materials and methods: The development of the method for active content assay was performed on samples corresponding to 80%, 90%, 100%, 110% and 120% of meloxicam content and the development of the methods for pharmaceutical characterization was performed on samples prepared at seven different compression forces (ranging from 7 to 45 kN) using NIR transmission spectra of intact tablets and PLS as a regression method. Results: The results show that the developed methods have good trueness, precision and accuracy and are appropriate for direct active content assay in tablets (ranging from 12 to 18 mg/tablet) and also for predicting crushing strength and disintegration time of intact meloxicam tablets. Discussion: The comparative data show that the proposed methods are in good agreement with the reference methods currently used for the characterization of meloxicam tablets (HPLC-UV methods for the assay and European Pharmacopeia methods for determining the crushing strength and disintegration time). Conclusion: The results show the possibility to predict both chem. properties (active content) and phys./pharmaceutical properties (crushing strength and disintegration time) directly, without any sample preparation, from the same NIR transmission spectrum of meloxicam tablets.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy published new progress about Chemometrics. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kotidis, Pavlos published the artcileModel-based optimization of antibody galactosylation in CHO cell culture, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is ovary cellular growth antibody galactosylation optimization math modeling; Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; antibody glycosylation; galactosylation; mathematical modeling; nucleotide sugars; process optimization.

Exerting control over the glycan moieties of antibody therapeutics is highly desirable from a product safety and batch-to-batch consistency perspective. Strategies to improve antibody productivity may compromise quality, while interventions for improving glycoform distribution can adversely affect cell growth and productivity. Process design therefore needs to consider the trade-off between preserving cellular health and productivity while enhancing antibody quality. In this work, we present a modeling platform that quantifies the impact of glycosylation precursor feeding – specifically that of galactose and uridine – on cellular growth, metabolism as well as antibody productivity and glycoform distribution. The platform has been parameterized using an initial training data set yielding an accuracy of ±5% with respect to glycoform distribution. It was then used to design an optimized feeding strategy that enhances the final concentration of galactosylated antibody in the supernatant by over 90% compared with the control without compromising the integral of viable cell d. or final antibody titer. This work supports the implementation of Quality by Design towards higher-performing bioprocesses.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering published new progress about Cell density. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Tao published the artcileStudy the lipidoid nanoparticle mediated genome editing protein delivery using 3D intestinal tissue model, Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is lipidoid nanoparticle genome editing protein delivery intestinal tissue model; 3D tissue model; Genome engineering; Lipidoid nanoparticle; Oral drug delivery; Protein delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles are promising carriers for oral drug delivery. For bioactive cargos with intracellular targets, e.g. gene-editing proteins, it is essential for the cargo and carrier to remain complexed after crossing the epithelial layer of intestine in order for the delivery system to transport the cargos inside targeted cells. However, limited studies have been conducted to verify the integrity of cargo/carrier nanocomplexes and their capability in facilitating cargo delivery intracellularly after the nanocomplex crossing the epithelial barrier. Herein, we used a traditional 2D transwell system and a recently developed 3D tissue engineered intestine model and demonstrated the synthetic lipid nanoparticle (carrier) and protein (cargo) nanocomplexes are able to cross the epithelial layer and deliver the protein cargo inside the underneath cells. We found that the EC16-63 LNP efficiently encapsulated the GFP-Cre recombinase, penetrated the intestinal monolayer cells in both the 2D cell culture and 3D tissue models through temporarily interrupting the tight junctions between epithelial layer. After transporting across the intestinal epithelia, the EC16-63 and GFP-Cre recombinase nanocomplexes can enter the underneath cells to induce gene recombination. These results suggest that the in vitro 3D intestinal tissue model is useful for identifying effective lipid nanoparticles for potential oral drug delivery.

Bioactive Materials published new progress about Cell culture. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Herasymchuk, Khrystyna published the artcileA New Look at the Competitive Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction in the Pentanol Series, Quality Control of 584-02-1, the main research area is nucleophilic substitution reaction pentanol.

Substitution reactions of alcs. are some of the simplest experiments performed in undergraduate organic chem. laboratory settings. However, the use of gas chromatog. (GC) as an anal. tool for these reactions can be at time laborious and time-consuming. In this work, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, and 2-methyl-2-butanol were reacted with a 50/50 mixture of ammonium chloride-ammonium bromide in water to yield the corresponding alkyl bromide and alkyl chloride mixtures Aliquots of the reaction mixture were analyzed using proton NMR (1H NMR) spectroscopy and verified by GC. Secondary to secondary carbocation rearrangements were observed in the nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2- and 3-pentanol yielding a mixture of 2- and 3-substituted alkyl halides, while the primary and tertiary alcs. yielded the expected products. Students were assessed on their observations and explanations with the majority of them able to identify the correct reasoning for the alkyl halides mixture formation. 1H NMR spectroscopy provided an inexpensive and quicker method to analyze the mixture and expose the students to the secondary to secondary carbocation rearrangement in the nucleophilic substitution reaction in the pentanol series.

Journal of Chemical Education published new progress about Carbocations. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Quality Control of 584-02-1.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Haifeng published the artcileCharacterization of full-length transcriptome in Saccharum officinarum and molecular insights into tiller development, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is Saccharum leaf tiller development transcriptome; C4 plant; Carbon fixation; Crop productivity; Gene expression; Genomic data; Linoleic acid.

Although extensive breeding efforts are ongoing in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), the average yield is far below the theor. potential. Tillering is an important component of sugarcane yield, however, the mol. mechanism underlying tiller development is still elusive. The limited genomic data in sugarcane, particularly due to its complex and large genome, has hindered in-depth mol. studies. Herein, we generated full-length (FL) transcriptome from developing leaf and tiller bud samples based on PacBio Iso-Seq. In addition, we performed RNA-seq from tiller bud samples at three developmental stages (T0, T1 and T2) to uncover key genes and biol. pathways involved in sugarcane tiller development. In total, 30,360 and 20,088 high-quality non-redundant isoforms were identified in leaf and tiller bud samples, resp., representing 41,109 unique isoforms in sugarcane. Likewise, we identified 1063 and 1037 alternative splicing events identified in leaf and tiller bud samples, resp. We predicted the presence of coding sequence for 40,343 isoforms, 98% of which was successfully annotated. Comparison with previous FL transcriptomes in sugarcane revealed 2963 unreported isoforms. In addition, we characterized 14,946 SSRs from 11,700 transcripts and 310 lncRNAs. By integrating RNA-seq with the FL transcriptome, 468 and 57 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in T1vsT0 and T2vsT0, resp. Strong up-regulation of several pyruvate phosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes suggests enhanced carbon fixation and protein synthesis to facilitate tiller growth. Similarly, up-regulation of linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase and lipoxygenase genes in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway suggests high synthesis of key oxylipins involved in tiller growth and development. Collectively, we have enriched the genomic data available in sugarcane and provided candidate genes for manipulating tiller formation and development, towards productivity enhancement in sugarcane.

BMC Plant Biology published new progress about Calvin cycle. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Claassens, Nico J. published the artcilePhosphoglycolate salvage in a chemolithoautotroph using the Calvin cycle, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is phosphoglycolate signaling Calvin cycle chemolithoautotroph; CO2 fixation; glycolate oxidation; glycolate secretion; hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria; malate synthase.

Carbon fixation via the Calvin cycle is constrained by the side activity of Rubisco with dioxygen, generating 2-phosphoglycolate. The metabolic recycling of phosphoglycolate was extensively studied in photoautotrophic organisms, including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, where it is referred to as photorespiration. Here, we study phosphoglycolate salvage in the model chemolithoautotroph Cupriavidus necator H16 (Ralstonia eutropha H16) by characterizing the proxy process of glycolate metabolism, performing comparative transcriptomics of autotrophic growth under low and high CO2 concentrations, and testing autotrophic growth phenotypes of gene deletion strains atambient CO2. We find that the canonical plant-like C2 cycle does not operate in this bacterium, and instead, the bacterial-like glycerate pathway is the main route for phosphoglycolate salvage. Upon disruption of the glycerate pathway, we find that an oxidative pathway, which we term the malate cycle, supports phosphoglycolate salvage. In this cycle, glyoxylate is condensed with acetylCoA (acetyl-CoA) to give malate, which undergoes two oxidative decarboxylation steps to regenerate acetyl-CoA. When both pathways are disrupted, autotrophic growth is abolished atambient CO2. We present bioinformatic data suggesting that the malate cycle may support phosphoglycolate salvage in diverse chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. This study thus demonstrates a so far unknown phosphoglycolate salvage pathway, highlighting important diversity in microbial carbon fixation metabolism

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Calvin cycle. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Moussa, Hanan published the artcileSelective Crystal Growth Regulation by Chiral α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids Improves the Strength and Toughness of Calcium Sulfate Cements, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is calcium sulfate bone cement crystal growth chiral hydroxycarboxylic acid; chirality; compressive strength; crystallization; fracture toughness; gypsum cements; α-hydroxycarboxylic acid.

Natural biominerals, such as bones and teeth, use acidic matrix biomols. to control growth, morphol., and organization of the brittle hydroxyapatite crystals. This interplay provides biominerals with outstanding mech. properties. Recently, we reported that the L-enantiomer of chiral tartaric acid has a potent regulatory effect on the crystal structure and mech. performance of brushite cement, a mineral with a monoclinic crystal system. We hypothesized that this strategy could be applied using various chiral α-hydroxycarboxylic acids to enhance the mech. performance of calcium sulfate dihydrate cements, another mineral belonging to the monoclinic crystal system. Calcium sulfate cements are widely used in dentistry, medicine, and construction, but these cements have low mech. properties. In this work, we first determined the impact of different chiral α-hydroxycarboxylic acids on the properties of calcium sulfate cements. After that, we focused on identifying the regulation effect of chiral tartaric acid on gypsum crystals precipitated in a supersaturated solution Here, we show that the selective effect of α-hydroxycarboxylic acid L-enantiomers on calcium sulfate crystals improved the mech. performance of gypsum cements, while D-enantiomer had a weak impact. Compare to the calcium sulfate cements prepared without additives, the presence of L-enantiomer enhanced the compressive strength and the fracture toughness of gypsum cements by 40 and 70%, resp. Thus, these results prove the generalizability of this approach and help us to fabricate high-strength cements.

ACS Applied Bio Materials published new progress about Bone cements. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Scalzo, Rebecca L. published the artcileSingle-leg exercise training augments in vivo skeletal muscle oxidative flux and vascular content and function in adults with type 2 diabetes, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is skeletal muscle oxidative flux diabetes human exercise training; blood flow; diabetes; exercise; skeletal muscle.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D), conferring significant cardiovascular risk in this population; interventions are needed. Previously, we reported that a T2D-associated decrement in skeletal muscle oxidative flux is ameliorated with acute use of supplemental oxygen, suggesting that skeletal muscle oxygenation is rate-limiting to in vivo mitochondrial oxidative flux during exercise in T2D. We hypothesized that single-leg exercise training (SLET) would improve the T2D-specific impairment in in vivo mitochondrial oxidative flux during exercise. Adults with (n = 19) and without T2D (n = 22) with similar body mass indexes and levels of phys. activity participated in two weeks of SLET. Following SLET, in vivo oxidative flux measured by 31P-MRS increased in participants with T2D, but not people without T2D, measured by the increase in initial phosphocreatine synthesis (P = 0.0455 for the group × exercise interaction) and maximum rate of oxidative ATP synthesis (P = 0.0286 for the interaction). Addnl., oxidative phosphorylation increased in all participants with SLET (P = 0.0209). After SLET, there was no effect of supplemental oxygen on any of the in vivo oxidative flux measurements in either group (P > 0.02), consistent with resolution of the T2D-associated oxygen limitation previously observed at baseline in subjects with T2D. State 4 mitochondrial respiration also improved in muscle fibers ex vivo. Skeletal muscle vasculature content and calf blood flow increased in all participants with SLET (P < 0.0040); oxygen extraction in the calf increased only in T2D (P = 0.0461). SLET resolves the T2D-associated impairment of skeletal muscle in vivo mitochondrial oxidative flux potentially through improved effective blood flow/oxygen delivery. Journal of Physiology (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Blood vessel. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rahimi, Atyeh published the artcileAnalysis of basic drugs in biological samples using dynamic single-interface hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with fast electromembrane extraction, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is hollow fiber liquid phase electromembrane microextraction.

In this study, a combination of single-interface hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction was applied for the extraction of some basic drugs from biol. samples. The extraction process was followed by the HPLC-UV instrument. In this dynamic system, 1-octanol was impregnated into the pores of hollow fiber wall as an acceptor phase, the sample solution (pH = 12.0) was pumped into the lumen of hollow fiber by a syringe pump, the extraction efficiency was improved by filling and emptying (25 times) of sample solution (step-1). The extracted analytes in the organic acceptor phase were back-extracted by a fast electromembrane extraction procedure (step-2). Under optimized conditions (organic acceptor phase: 1-octanol, sample solution volume: 1500μL, flow rate: 2.0 mL min-1, the number of filling and emptying cycles: 25, voltage: 100 V, back-extraction time: 2 min, and aqueous acceptor phase: 100 mM HCl), the proposed method provided good linearity with determination coefficients ranging from 0.992 to 0.996 over a concentration range of 2.5-1000 ng mL-1. The limits of detection were found to be within the range of 0.12-0.36 ng mL-1, while the corresponding repeatability ranged from 3.7 to 9.3% (n = 3). Finally, the optimized method was applied for the quantification of propranolol, diltiazem and, lidocaine in urine and, plasma samples with relative recoveries ranged between 94.1 and 105.4%, indicating the reliability of the method.

Microchemical Journal published new progress about Blood plasma. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jue, Erik published the artcileTwo-phase wash to solve the ubiquitous contaminant-carryover problem in commercial nucleic-acid extraction kits, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is nucleic acid extraction two phase wash real time polymerase; chain reaction loop mediated isothermal amplification reverse transcription.

The success of fundamental and applied nucleic acid (NA) research depends on NA purity, but obtaining pure NAs from raw, unprocessed samples is challenging. Purification using solid-phase NA extractions utilizes sequential additions of lysis and wash buffers followed by elution. The resulting eluent contains NAs and carryover of extraction buffers. Typically, these inhibitory buffers are heavily diluted by the reaction mix (e.g., 10× dilution is 1μL eluent in 9μL reaction mix), but in applications requiring high sensitivity (e.g., single-cell sequencing, pathogen diagnostics) it is desirable to use low dilutions (e.g., 2×) to maximize NA concentration Here, we demonstrate pervasive carryover of inhibitory buffers into eluent when several com. sample-preparation kits are used following manufacturer protocols. At low eluent dilution (2-2.5×) we observed significant reaction inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and reverse transcription (RT). We developed a two-phase wash (TPW) method by adding a wash buffer with low water solubility prior to the elution step. The TPW reduces carryover of extraction buffers, phase-separates from the eluent, and does not reduce NA yield (measured by digital PCR). We validated the TPW for silica columns and magnetic beads by demonstrating significant improvements in performance and reproducibility of qPCR, LAMP, and RT reactions.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Blood plasma. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts