Month: December 2022

Yi, Cuiping published the artcileVolatile profiles of fresh rice noodles fermented with pure and mixed cultures, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is rice noodle fermentation volatile profile pure mixed culture; Aroma; Bacterial composition; Category distribution; Sensory evaluation.

The volatile profiles of fresh rice noodles (FRN) fermented with pure and five com. mixed cultures were studied by using solid phase micro extraction/ gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, electronic nose, and sensory evaluations. The main volatile compounds of FRN by pure culture included aldehydes represented by nonanal, octanal, and 2,4-Pentadienal, and alcs. represented by hexanol and 1-nonanol. Its aroma profiles showed remarkable changes during the storage time from 0 to 30 h, indicating the reduction in aldehydes and the increase in alcs. and isoamyl alc. Significant variations such as the types, relative amounts, and category distributions of volatile compounds were observed in FRN by five mixed cultures. The bacterial compositions of these mixed cultures were quite different, which might be responsible for the significant variations in volatile profiles. Principal component anal. on E-nose data demonstrated that FRN by Culture A, B, and C shared similar flavor, while FRN by Culture D and E possessed different aroma compared to the above three. FRN produced with pure fermentation showed the highest score in sensory evaluation, whereas FRN by mixed cultures indicated rice fragrance, light fragrance, peculiar smell, or foul smell.

Food Research International published new progress about Acetobacter. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Parish-Virtue, Katie published the artcileThe impact of postharvest ultra-violet light irradiation on the thiol content of Sauvignon blanc grapes, Quality Control of 505-10-2, the main research area is thiol compound Sauvignon blanc grapes postharvest UV irradiation; 3-Mercapto hexylacetate; 3-Mercaptohexanol; Postharvest; Thiol precursor; Ultra-violet.

Sauvignon blanc grapes were exposed to an ultra-violet (UV) light source post-hand harvest (whole bunches) or post-machine harvest. The thiol precursors S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine (Cys-3MH) and S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-glutathione (GSH-3MH) were quantified in the juices before and after UV treatment. Results showed that irradiation of the grapes with UV light had little to no effect on the thiol precursors. Wines were fermented from the corresponding juices and 18 aroma compounds were quantified. Differences were found between UV treatments of the wines for 3-mercaptohexanol, hexan-1-ol, Et butanoate, Et hexanoate, Et octanoate and phenylethyl alc. However, these changes were not significant (p < 0.05) for both grape media trialled. Future studies involving larger sample sizes and replicate numbers should be completed in order to ascertain any changes in aroma chem. as a result of UV light application to grapes postharvest. Food Chemistry published new progress about UV radiation. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Quality Control of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rodrigues de Sousa, Ronaldo published the artcileA practical approach to obtain high yield lipase-mediated synthesis of octyl caprylate with Novozym 435, Application of n-Octanol, the main research area is octyl caprylate esterification Novozym 435.

This study evaluated coupled effects of molar ratio of substrates and enzyme loading in a solvent-free system using a simple math. approach to obtain high conversions on octyl caprylate synthesis with Novozym 435. When molar ratios of caprylic acid to n-octanol (1:1 and 1:3) were evaluated with enzyme loadings of 1% to 4% (wt/wt acid), an interdependence between the masses of reagents and the enzymes was observed, that was expressed as a math. relation. The study of this relation, named as SER, indicated a specific range of reaction conditions that resulted in conversions above 90%. The most suitable condition corresponded to an acid:alc. molar ratio of 1:1.3 and an enzyme loading of 1.5%, resulting in 94.5% of conversion at 65°C in 3 h of reaction. A different reaction system (bottle reactor) was used to evaluate the influence of reagents mixture and heat distribution. The use of a bottle reactor allowed yield improvement that reached 99.3%. At this condition, Novozym 435 was reused, without washing steps, in three subsequent batches keeping high conversion. A possible balance between the shift of chem. equilibrium by stoichiometric excess of reagents and enzymic inhibition effects by substrates can be expressed math. in a convenient way, helping to predict the behavior of synthesis in different conditions. The math. relation proposed, SER, allowed the achievement of 99% of conversion on enzymic synthesis of octyl caprylate.

Biocatalysis and Biotransformation published new progress about Optimization. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bruschi, Maurizio published the artcileDifferential expression of the five redox complexes in the retinal mitochondria or rod outer segment disks is consistent with their different functionality, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is retinal mitochondria redox complex rod outer segment; F1Fo ATP synthase; Orbitrap Velos; aerobic metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation; rod outer segment.

The retinal rod outer segment (OS) disk membranes, devoid of mitochondria, conducts oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This study aimed at identifying which proteins expressed in the retinal rod OS disks determined the considerable adenosine-5′-triphosphate production and oxygen consumption observed in comparison with retinal mitochondria. Characterization was conducted by immunogold transmission electron microscopy on retinal sections. OxPhos was studied by oximetry and luminometry. The proteomes of OS disks and mitochondria purified from bovine retinas were studied by mass spectrometry. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted by univariate, multivariate, and machine learning methods. Weighted gene coexpression network anal. identified two protein expression profile modules functionally associated with either retinal mitochondria or disk samples, in function of a strikingly different ability of each sample to utilized diverse substrate for F1Fo-ATP synthase. The OS disk proteins correlated better than mitochondria with the tricarboxylic acids cycle and OxPhos proteins. The differential enrichment of the expression profile of the OxPhos proteins in the disks vs. mitochondria suggests that these proteins may represent a true proteome component of the former, with different functionality. These findings may shed new light on the pathogenesis of rod-driven retinal degenerative diseases.

FASEB BioAdvances published new progress about Mitochondria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tardo-Dino, Pierre-Emmanuel published the artcileThe effect of a physiological increase in temperature on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in rat myofibers, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is carnitine malate GTP myofiber temperature mitochondria fatty acid oxidation; fatty acid; heat; mitochondrial uncoupling; oxidative stress; skeletal muscle.

We investigated the effect of temperature increase on mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) and carbohydrate oxidation in the slow-oxidative skeletal muscles (soleus) of rats. We measured mitochondrial respiration at 35°C and 40°C with the physiol. substrates pyruvate + 4 mM malate (Pyr) and palmitoyl-CoA (PCoA) + 0.5 mM malate + 2 mM carnitine in permeabilized myofibers under nonphosphorylating (V0) or phosphorylating (Vmax) conditions. Mitochondrial efficiency was calculated by the respiratory control ratio (RCR = Vmax/V0). We used guanosine triphosphate (GTP), an inhibitor of uncoupling protein (UCP), to study the mechanisms responsible for alterations of mitochondrial efficiency. We measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production under nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating conditions at both temperatures and substrates. We studied citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyl acyl CoA dehydrogenase (3-HAD) activities at both temperatures Elevating the temperature from 35°C to 40°C increased PCoA-V0 and decreased PCoA-RCR, corresponding to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). GTP blocked the heat-induced increase of PCoA-V0. Rising temperature moved toward a Pyr-V0 increase, without significance. Heat did not alter H2O2 production, resulting from either PCoA or Pyr oxidation Heat induced an increase in 3-HAD but not in CS activities. In conclusion, heat induced OXPHOS uncoupling for PCoA oxidation, which was at least partially mediated by UCP and independent of oxidative stress. The classically described heat-induced glucose shift may actually be mostly due to a less efficient FA oxidation These findings raise questions concerning the consequences of heat-induced alterations in mitochondrial efficiency of FA metabolism on thermoregulation.

Journal of Applied Physiology published new progress about Mitochondria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Boel, Melanie published the artcileDoes high mitochondrial efficiency carry an oxidative cost The case of the African pygmy mouse (Mus mattheyi), HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Mus mitochondrial respiratory H2O2 oxygen; Bioenergetics; Free electron leak; Mammals; Mitochondria; Oxidative phosphorylation; Reactive oxygen species; Skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle mitochondria of the African pygmy mouse Mus mattheyi exhibit markedly reduced oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates but a higher mitochondrial efficiency than what would be expected from allometric trends. In the present study, we assessed whether such reduction of mitochondrial activity in M. mattheyi can limit the oxidative stress associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We conducted a comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release, and electron leak (%H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from the extremely small African pygmy mouse (M. mattheyi, � g) and Mus musculus, which is a larger Mus species (�5 g). Mitochondria were energized with pyruvate, malate, and succinate, after which fluxes were measured at different steady-state rates of oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, M. mattheyi exhibited lower oxidative activity and higher electron leak than M. musculus, while the H2O2 release did not differ significantly between these two Mus species. We further found that the high coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondria from M. mattheyi was associated with high electron leak. Nevertheless, data also show that, despite the higher electron leak, the lower mitochondrial respiratory capacity of M. mattheyi limits the cost of a net increase in H2O2 release, which is lower than that expected for a mammals of this size.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology published new progress about Mitochondria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kutzki, Olaf published the artcileSynthesis and properties of novel porphine-fullerene dyads for the investigation of light induced energy and electron transfer, Application In Synthesis of 50966-69-3, the main research area is fullerene porphyrin chlorin dyad preparation luminescence quenching; transition metal porphyrin chlorin fullerene preparation luminescence; copper pyrrolylpropyl deuteroporphyrin IX preparation; cobalt phosphonopropylporphyrin preparation; zinc porphyrin chlorin fullerene dyad preparation luminescence quenching.

A variety of dyads and more complex mol. arrangements of donor and acceptor subunits were designed to investigate light induced energy and electron transfer to mimic natural photosynthesis. Since the discovery and availability of the fullerenes, especially fullerene C60 was used as a subunit for the construction of mol. dyads which undergo light induced electron transfer from a porphinoid donor to the fullerene acceptor. A possible advantage of fullerenes over quinones, which were used as acceptors by nature and in the majority of artificial photosynthetic systems, is the ability of C60 to accept up to six electrons, and is the lower reorganization energy of C60 compared to quinones according to Marcus theory.

Proceedings – Electrochemical Society published new progress about Luminescence. 50966-69-3 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(1H-Pyrrol-1-yl)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C7H11NO, Application In Synthesis of 50966-69-3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Love, Dillon published the artcileReaction Environment Effect on the Kinetics of Radical Thiol-Ene Polymerizations in the Presence of Amines and Thiolate Anions, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is kinetics radical thiolene polymerization amine thiolate anion.

Because of facile implementation, quant. conversions, and an insensitivity to oxygen, water, and most organic functional groups, radical-mediated thiol-ene coupling (TEC) reactions have emerged as a valuable tool in macromol. synthesis. It was recently demonstrated that the kinetics and conversions of thiyl radical-mediated reactions are adversely affected in the presence of basic amines by the formation of retardive thiolate anions. Herein, the performance of TEC polymerizations is evaluated under a variety of reaction environments with the intention to aid in the optimal formulation design of TEC reactions in the presence of amines. Results from both bulk and aqueous-phase network photopolymerizations established that sensitivity to amine basicity and pH is dependent on the thiol acidity, although norbornene-type alkenes exhibit a unique ability to achieve high conversions, where allyl ethers, vinyl ether, and vinyl siloxanes are highly inhibited. Addnl., the protic solvents such as alcs. and acetic acid are established as ideal solvents or additives to suppress or eliminate amine-induced retardation.

ACS Macro Letters published new progress about Loss modulus. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Allegrezza, Michael L. published the artcilePhotocatalyzed thiol-alkene coupling: Mechanistic study and polymer synthesis, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is photocatalyst thiol alkene coupling polymer crosslinked.

Due to the “”click”” chem. characteristics of the thiol-ene reaction, these transformations have been gaining an increasing amount of attention in current chem. research. The high efficiency and selectivity of these transformations have been useful for many areas of study, from small mol. organic synthesis, to polymer synthesis and functionalization, to bio-conjugation reactions. In this work, a study of a novel method of photochem. thiol-ene reactions using alkyl halides and an tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3) photocatalyst is investigated. This process is shown to progress rapidly and has the benefit of low catalyst and initiator concentrations relative to reagents as well as mild conditions associated with photochem. processes. To understand the mechanism of this process, catalyst and initiator concentrations and other reaction conditions are varied. To demonstrate the utility of this process, a step-growth thiol-ene polymer is synthesized using dithiol and diene monomers and a crosslinked polymer network is synthesized as well. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym.Chem. 2019.

Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry published new progress about Loss modulus. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jayawardena, Thilina U. published the artcileIsolation and purification of fucoidan fraction in Turbinaria ornata from the Maldives; Inflammation inhibitory potential under LPS stimulated conditions in in-vitro and in-vivo models, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Turbinaria fucoidan inflammation sulfated polysaccharides; Anti inflammation; Brown algae; Fucoidan; Nitric oxide; RAW 264.7; Turbinaria ornata.

Fucoidan, referred to as fucose containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP), is a polymer from brown algae cell wall that is reported to exhibit potential anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, the fucoidans are extracted from Turbinaria ornata (TO) from the Maldives. The method involves enzyme assisted extraction and is modified in order to improve the effectiveness and purity of final product. Purified fucoidan fraction was identified as F10, and its chem. properties were verified via FTIR, 1H NMR and monosaccharide anal. Selected inflammatory mediators were studied to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential using RAW 264.7 macrophages. F10 successfully inhibited NO production (IC50 = 30.83 ± 1.02 μg mL-1). F10 dose-dependently down-regulated iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines including PGE2 levels. The in vivo experiments were assisted by zebrafish embryo model. This exhibited reduction in ROS, NO expression levels. To our knowledge, this is the first report to illustrate potential anti-inflammatory activity of FCSPs extracted from the brown algae T. ornata. Concisely, the results suggest that fucoidan purified from T. ornata increases the macrophage cellular and zebrafish embryo resistance against LPS-induced inflammation. Based on the observations, the fucoidans are promising candidates to be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical sectors.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Inflammation. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts