Month: December 2022

Li, Jia published the artcilePurification, structural characterization, and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is Ganoderma polysaccharide purification immunomodulatory activity; Chain conformation; Ganoderma lucidum; Immunomodulatory activity; NMR; β-d-glucan.

A preliminary relationship was illustrated between the structural characteristics and corresponding immunomodulatory activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides. Two polysaccharides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) were purified from Ganoderma lucidum extracts by gradient ethanol precipitation and a Q-Sepharose Fast Flow (QFF) strong anion-exchange column. The monosaccharide composition, high-performance gel permeation chromatog.-multi-angle laser light scattering-refractive index (HPGPC-MALLS-RI), Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), at. force microscopy (AFM), methylation anal., and NMR (NMR) were used to characterize these polysaccharides. The GLP-1 polysaccharide was elucidated as D-galactoglucan with a flexible random linear conformation that mainly composed of â†?)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†? â†?)-α-D-Galp-(1â†? and â†?)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†?residues. GLP-2 was found to be a relatively homogeneous β-D-glucan that possessing â†?)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†?and â†?)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†?residues packaged into a spherical conformation. Immunomodulatory activities in vivo demonstrated that GLP-1 produced better protection of the spleen and thymus and was more effective for promoting hematopoiesis and improving IgA levels in serum. Our results suggest that the immunomodulatory activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides are highly corresponded to their structural characteristics such as carbohydrate composition, mol. weight and advanced conformation. This study provides a preliminary basis for studying the relationship between polysaccharide structure characterization and pharmacol. activities.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Blood serum. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Hui-Zeng published the artcileLactation-related metabolic mechanism investigated based on mammary gland metabolomics and 4 biofluids’ metabolomics relationships in dairy cows, SDS of cas: 64519-82-0, the main research area is lactation mammary gland metabolomics dairy cow; Biofluids relationship; Dairy cow; Lactation; Mammary gland; Metabolic function; Metabolomics.

Background: Lactation is extremely important for dairy cows; however, the understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms is very limited. This study was conducted to investigate the inherent metabolic patterns during lactation using the overall biofluid metabolomics and the metabolic differences from non-lactation periods, as determined using partial tissue-metabolomics. We analyzed the metabolomic profiles of four biofluids (rumen fluid, serum, milk and urine) and their relationships in six mid-lactation Holstein cows and compared their mammary gland (MG) metabolomic profiles with those of six non-lactating cows by using gas chromatog.- time of flight/mass spectrometry. Results: In total, 33 metabolites were shared among the four biofluids, and 274 metabolites were identified in the MG tissues. The sub-clusters of the hierarchical clustering anal. revealed that the rumen fluid and serum metabolomics profiles were grouped together and highly correlated but were sep. from those for milk. Urine had the most different profile compared to the other three biofluids. Creatine was identified as the most different metabolite among the four biofluids (VIP = 1.537). Five metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), glycerolipid metabolism, and aspartate metabolism, showed the most functional enrichment among the four biofluids (false discovery rate < 0.05, fold enrichment >2). Clear discriminations were observed in the MG metabolomics profiles between the lactating and non-lactating cows, with 54 metabolites having a significantly higher abundance (P < 0.05, VIP > 1) in the lactation group. Lactobionic acid, citric acid, orotic acid and oxamide were extracted by the S-plot as potential biomarkers of the metabolic difference between lactation and non-lactation. The TCA cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutamate metabolism and glycine metabolism were determined to be pathways that were significantly impacted (P < 0.01, impact value >0.1) in the lactation group. Among them, the TCA cycle was the most up-regulated pathway (P < 0.0001), with 7 of the 10 related metabolites increased in the MG tissues of the lactating cows. Conclusions: The overall biofluid and MG tissue metabolic mechanisms in the lactating cows were interpreted in this study. Our findings are the first to provide an integrated insight and a better understanding of the metabolic mechanism of lactation, which is beneficial for developing regulated strategies to improve the metabolic status of lactating dairy cows. BMC Genomics published new progress about Blood serum. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, SDS of cas: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Xin published the artcileProtective effects of Ulva pertusa polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex on cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in mice, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is Ulva polysaccharide iron cyclophosphamide immunosuppression protective effect; Cyclophosphamide; Immunomodulatory; Polysaccharide; Polysaccharide‑iron (III) complex; Ulva pertusa.

A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from marine green algae Ulva pertusa and then chelated with iron to prepare the polysaccharide-iron (III) complex. The immunomodulatory activities of sulfated polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex were investigated through a mice immune-deficiency model. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) was utilized to establish mice immunodeficiency model. Both polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex were proved to promote the proliferation of lymphocyte and enhance the activities of mice macrophages. In mice serum, the levels of cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 restored and the contents of hemolysin were also found elevated after treatment with polysaccharide and its iron complex. Besides, it has been shown that both polysaccharide and polysaccharide-iron (III) complex increased the contents of Hb, RBC and HCT in mice blood, and the effect of iron complex was better. All these results suggested that Ulva pertusa polysaccharide could be developed as a healthy function food. It was also noteworthy that the polysaccharide-iron (III) complex showed no neg. effect upon the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide. Instead, the polysaccharide-iron (III) complex showed excellent hematopoietic capacity perhaps due to the supplement of iron.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Blood serum. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Di Berto Mancini, Marika published the artcileChange of Selectivity in C-H Functionalization Promoted by Nonheme Iron(IV)-oxo Complexes by the Effect of the N-hydroxyphthalimide HAT Mediator, COA of Formula: C5H12O, the main research area is nonheme iron oxo complex hydroxyphthalimide hydrogen transfer hydrocarbon oxidation.

A kinetic anal. of the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions from a series of organic compounds to the iron(IV)-oxo complex [(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+ and to the phthalimide N-oxyl radical (PINO) has been carried out. The results indicate that a higher activating effect of α-heteroatoms toward the HAT from C-H bonds is observed with the more electrophilic PINO radical. When the N-hydroxy precursor of PINO, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), is used as a HAT mediator in the oxidation promoted by [(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+, significant differences in terms of selectivity have been found. Product studies of the competitive oxidations of primary and secondary aliphatic alcs. (1-decanol, cyclopentanol, and cyclohexanol) with alkylaroms. (ethylbenzene and diphenylmethane) demonstrated that it is possible to modify the selectivity of the oxidations promoted by [(N4Py)FeIV(O)]2+ in the presence of NHPI. In fact, alkylarom. substrates are more reactive in the absence of the mediator while alcs. are preferably oxidized in the presence of NHPI.

ACS Omega published new progress about Biomimetics. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, COA of Formula: C5H12O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guo, Rui published the artcileMolecular properties and structural characterization of an alkaline extractable arabinoxylan from hull-less barley bran, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is arabinoxylan hulless barley bran; Arabinoxylan; Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.; Hull-less barley bran; Methylation analysis; Molecular properties; NMR analysis.

An alk. extractable arabinoxylan (HBAX-25) was fractionated from crude arabinoxylan (HBAX) obtained optimally in hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) bran. Mol. properties and structural characterization of HBAX-25 were investigated thoroughly based on chem. composition of 8.31% (weight/weight) moisture and 87.57% (weight/weight) sugar with specifically few proteins (1.08%, weight/weight) and high arabinoxylans (82.46%, weight/weight). Data from monosaccharide composition indicated that HBAX-25 mainly consisted of arabinose (30.13 mol%) and xylose (51.55 mol%) with A/X ratio of 0.58, representative for arabinoxylans, which coincided with FT-IR results and was corroborated by methylation and NMR analyses, i.e., a relatively low-branched arabinoxylan composed of un-substituted (1,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 71.19%), mono-substituted (1,3,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 14.78%) and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 10.76%) xylose units as backbone via β-(1â†?) linkages, with six possible branches or individuals included. Hence, a structural basis of HBAX-25 was established, which could have potential in food and other value-added applications capable of interpreting their physicochem., functional and technol. characteristics.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Barley bran. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Han, Rui published the artcileIn vitro digestibility and prebiotic activities of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Gracilaria in vitro digestibility sulfated polysaccharide fermentation.

The study explored the changes of a sulfated polysaccharide (SP) from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis during simulated human digestive system. The results showed SP was scarcely degraded without significant difference. Moreover, the results of fermentation in vitro indicated 53.7% of SP were utilized by gut microbiota with the mol. weight decreasing by 59.41% at 48 h. Meanwhile, 50.07 ± 2.82 mM of short chain fatty acids were produced in culture medium. Besides, in contrast with the regulation of galacto-oligosaccharide sacrificing diversity and richness of community, SP could regulate the composition of microbiota in a mild way. What’s more, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most sensitive phyla responding to changes of pH values in this study. And Sutterella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004, Desulfovibrio and Bacteroides were dominant genera for degrading and utilizing SP. Furthermore, the metagenomic function characteristics of microbes might be changed by SP. Thus, SP could be a potential prebiotic.

Journal of Functional Foods published new progress about Bacteroides. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guo, Ciliang published the artcileIsolation and structure characterization of a polysaccharide from Crataegus pinnatifida and its bioactivity on gut microbiota, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Crataegus Bacteroides Bifidobacterium polysaccharide short chain fatty acid; Bacteria competition; Crataegus pinnatifida; Gut microbiota; Polysaccharide; Short chain fatty acid.

A glucose rich heteroglycan named HAW1-2 was isolated and purified from fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange and gel permeation chromatog. HAW1-2 was proved as a homogenous polysaccharide with a mol. weight (Mw) of 8.94 kDa. Monosaccharide composition results indicated that HAW1-2 was composed of arabinose, galactose and glucose. Methylation anal. and NMR spectrum showed that HAW1-2 contained â†?)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†? â†?)-β-D-Galp-(1â†? α-L-Araf-(1â†? â†?)-α-L-Araf-(1â†? β-D-Glcp-(1â†?and â†?,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1â†? Bioactivity test showed that HAW1-2 could significantly promote the growth of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (BT), Bacteroides ovatus (BO) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL), which showed competition with the Bacteroides spp. under co-culture. Interestingly, Bacteroides spp. generated more acetic acids and propionic acids while BL only generated acetic acids. These results imply that polysaccharide HAW1-2 may be useful for human by modulating intestinal bacteria and producing short chain fatty acids.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Bacteroides. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Patnode, Michael L. published the artcileInterspecies competition impacts targeted manipulation of human gut bacteria by fiber-derived glycans, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is human gut bacteria Bacteroides dietary fiber glycan; biosensors; community ecology; interspecies competition; microbiota-directed foods; polysaccharide utilization.

Development of microbiota-directed foods (MDFs) that selectively increase the abundance of beneficial human gut microbes, and their expressed functions, requires knowledge of both the bioactive components of MDFs and the mechanisms underlying microbe-microbe interactions. Here, gnotobiotic mice were colonized with a defined consortium of human-gut-derived bacterial strains and fed different combinations of 34 food-grade fibers added to a representative low-fiber diet consumed in the United States. Bioactive carbohydrates in fiber preparations targeting particular Bacteroides species were identified using community-wide quant. proteomic analyses of bacterial gene expression coupled with forward genetic screens. Deliberate manipulation of community membership combined with administration of retrievable artificial food particles, consisting of paramagnetic microscopic beads coated with dietary polysaccharides, disclosed the contributions of targeted species to fiber degradation Our approach, including the use of bead-based biosensors, defines nutrient-harvesting strategies that underlie, as well as alleviate, competition between Bacteroides and control the selectivity of MDF components.

Cell (Cambridge, MA, United States) published new progress about Bacteroides. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fan, Xiaowei published the artcileEffects of manufacturing on the volatile composition of raw Pu-erh tea with a focus on de-enzyming and autoclaving-compressing treatments, Application of rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is raw Puerh tea volatile composition deenzyming autoclaving compressing treatment.

Volatile compounds largely contribute to the aroma of raw pu-erh tea (RPT). However, the changes of volatile composition during manufacturing are unclear. This work characterized 58 volatile compounds in the RPT samples collected from withering, de-enzyming, sun-drying, and autoclaving-compressing stages. Results show that de-enzyming and autoclaving-compressing have large effects on the volatile composition, with the total volatile contents sharply decreased by 76.68% and 35.77%, resp. After de-enzyming, the relative content of aldehydes increased by 4.68-fold, whereas that of alkenes decreased by 2.65-fold; thus, the attractive fatty aroma must be enhanced while weakening the unpleasant grassy aroma. The volatile composition would be greatly changed by autoclaving-compressing, which is a special step for RPT production but rarely studied before. These findings revealed the changes of the volatile composition of RPT during manufacturing, especially de-enzyming and autoclaving-compressing, which are important for the formation of the aroma characteristics of RPT.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Autoclaving. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Application of rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cruz-Esteban, Samuel published the artcileThe attractant, but not the trap design, affects the capture of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is attractant drosophila suzukii strawberry raspberry blueberry; Color; monitoring; olfaction; spotted-wing drosophila; volatile compounds.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is recognized as an invasive pest in Europe and North America. In Mexico, it is one of the main insect pests of soft-skinned fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, plums, and guava. Previous studies have shown that D. suzukii uses visual and chem. cues during host plant searching. This knowledge has been used to develop traps and attractants for monitoring D. suzukii. In this study, five trap designs were evaluated to monitor D. suzukii under field conditions. Traps were baited with SuzukiiTrap, Z-Kinol, an attractant based on acetoin and methionol, or apple cider vinegar (ACV) enriched with 10% ethanol (EtOH) with the synergistic action of carbon dioxide (CO2). Our results suggested that the attractant was the determining factor in capturing D. suzukii, while trap design seemed to play a modest role. We found that traps baited with Z-Kinol captured the highest number of D. suzukii compared to that caught by traps baited with SuzukiiTrap, or ACV + EtOH + CO2. The highest catch numbers occurred in blackberry, followed by strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry. Traps captured more females than males. The results obtained may be useful for monitoring D. suzukii populations in Mexico and elsewhere, particularly in states where soft fruit crops are a component of agricultural activities.

Bulletin of Entomological Research published new progress about Attractants. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts