Month: December 2022

Igamberdiev, Abir U. published the artcileCitrate valve integrates mitochondria into photosynthetic metabolism, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is review citrate mitochondria photosynthetic metabolism; Citrate hemicycle; Citrate valve; Isocitrate dehydrogenase; Malate valve; Plant mitochondria; Redox regulation; Thermodynamic buffering.

While in heterotrophic cells and in darkness mitochondria serve as main producers of energy, during photosynthesis this function is transferred to chloroplasts and the main role of mitochondria in bioenergetics turns to be the balance of the level of phosphorylation of adenylates and of reduction of pyridine nucleotides to avoid over-energization of the cell and optimize major metabolic fluxes. This is achieved via the establishment and regulation of local equilibrium of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes malate dehydrogenase and fumarase in one branch and aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in another branch. In the conditions of elevation of redox level, the TCA cycle is transformed into a non-cyclic open structure (hemicycle) leading to the export of the tricarboxylic acid (citrate) to the cytosol and to the accumulation of the dicarboxylic acids (malate and fumarate). While the buildup of NADPH in chloroplasts provides operation of the malate valve leading to establishment of NADH/NAD+ ratios in different cell compartments, the production of NADH by mitochondria drives citrate export by establishing conditions for the operation of the citrate valve. The latter regulates the intercompartmental NADPH/NADP+ ratio and contributes to the biosynthesis of amino acids and other metabolic products during photosynthesis.

Mitochondrion published new progress about Chloroplast. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hippmann, Anna A. published the artcileProteomic analysis of metabolic pathways supports chloroplast-mitochondria cross-talk in a Cu-limited diatom, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is proteome copper metabolism signaling mitochondria chloroplast oxidative stress Thalassiosira; Cu limitation; copper; cross‐talk; diatom; proteomics.

Diatoms are one of the most successful phytoplankton groups in our oceans, being responsible for over 20% of the Earth’s photosynthetic productivity. Their chimeric genomes have genes derived from red algae, green algae, bacteria, and heterotrophs, resulting in multiple isoenzymes targeted to different cellular compartments with the potential for differential regulation under nutrient limitation. The resulting interactions between metabolic pathways are not yet fully understood. We previously showed how acclimation to Cu limitation enhanced susceptibility to overredn. of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and its reorganization to favor photoprotection over light harvesting in the oceanic diatom Thalassiosira oceanica (Hippmann et al., 2017, 10.1371/journal.pone.0181753). In order to gain a better understanding of the overall metabolic changes that help alleviate the stress of Cu limitation, we have further analyzed the comprehensive proteomic datasets generated in that study to identify differentially expressed proteins involved in carbon, nitrogen, and oxidative stress-related metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathway anal. showed integrated responses to Cu limitation. The upregulation of ferredoxin (Fdx) was correlated with upregulation of plastidial Fdx-dependent isoenzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation as well as enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis, thus suggesting an integration of nitrogen uptake and metabolism with photosynthesis and oxidative stress resistance. The differential expression of glycolytic isoenzymes located in the chloroplast and mitochondria may enable them to channel both excess electrons and/or ATP between these compartments. An addnl. support for chloroplast-mitochondrial cross-talk is the increased expression of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins involved in the proposed malate shunt under Cu limitation.

Plant Direct published new progress about Chloroplast. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Malhi, Ravneet published the artcileIs chewing gum good for your health: myth or truth, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is review chewing gum cariogenicity.

In the field of health there is a paradigm shift from treatment to prevention and now in today′s world to promotion of health including oral health. For the maintenance of oral health natural resource i.e. saliva which is the inherent protective factor, can be stimulated by mastication. Even the chewing gum also increases the production of saliva by a factor of 102, which can help to neutralize plaque acid, wash away food particles and remineralize the tooth enamel and strengthen our teeth. Chewing gums though can be assumed to have protective and promotive effect on oral health; but they have cariogenic effect too due to their high sugar content. Therefore, now in the market a variety of sugar free chewing gums are available where sucrose in the chewing gum is substituted with sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, malitol, lactilol, hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate and isomalt, poorly fermented sweeteners which do not contribute to the carcinogenicity of the diet. The detrimental effect of chewing gum was eliminated while maintaining the beneficial effect; thus can be used as one of the supplementary agent in maintaining oral health.

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about Chewing gum. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Amato, Dahlia N. published the artcileProgrammable Porous Polymers via Direct Bubble Writing with Surfactant-Free Inks, Product Details of C17H28O8S4, the main research area is porous polymer direct bubble writing ink macroporous thiol ene; 3D printing; functionally graded materials; nonaqueous foam; polymer foams; thiol−ene.

Fabrication of macroporous polymers with functionally graded architecture or chem. bears transformative potential in acoustic damping, energy storage materials, flexible electronics, and filtration but is hardly reachable with current processes. Here, we introduce thiol-ene chemistries in direct bubble writing, a recent technique for additive manufacturing of foams with locally controlled cell size, d., and macroscopic shape. Surfactant-free and solvent-free graded three-dimensional (3D) foams without drying-induced shrinkage were fabricated by direct bubble writing at an unparalleled ink viscosity of 410 cP (40 times higher than previous formulations). Functionalities including shape memory, high glass transition temperatures (>25°C), and chem. gradients were demonstrated. These results extend direct bubble writing from aqueous inks to nonaqueous formulations at high liquid flow rates (3 mL min-1). Altogether, direct bubble writing with thiol-ene inks promises rapid one-step fabrication of functional materials with locally controlled gradients in the chem., mech., and architectural domains.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about Cell volume. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Product Details of C17H28O8S4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Matsuo, Teruko published the artcileIntegrated Strategy for Unknown EI-MS Identification Using Quality Control Calibration Curve, Multivariate Analysis, EI-MS Spectral Database, and Retention Index Prediction, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0, the main research area is EI mass spectra identification.

Compound identification using unknown electron ionization (EI) mass spectra in gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is challenging in untargeted metabolomics, natural product chem., or exposome research. While the total count of EI-MS records included in publicly or com. available databases is over 900 000, efficient use of this huge database has not been achieved in metabolomics. Therefore, we proposed a “”four-step”” strategy for the identification of biol. significant metabolites using an integrated cheminformatics approach: (i) quality control calibration curve to reduce background noise, (ii) variable selection by hypothesis testing in principal component anal. for the efficient selection of target peaks, (iii) searching the EI-MS spectral database, and (iv) retention index (RI) filtering in combination with RI predictions. In this study, the new MS-FINDER spectral search engine was developed and utilized for searching EI-MS databases using mass spectral similarity with the evaluation of false discovery rate. Moreover, in silico derivatization software, MetaboloDerivatizer, was developed to calculate the chem. properties of derivative compounds, and all retention indexes in EI-MS databases were predicted using a simple math. model. The strategy was showcased in the identification of three novel metabolites (butane-1,2,3-triol, 3-deoxyglucosone, and palatinitol) in Chinese medicine Senkyu for quality assessment, as validated using authentic standard compounds All tools and curated public EI-MS databases are freely available in the ‘Computational MS-based metabolomics’ section of the RIKEN PRIMe Web site (http://prime.psc.riken.jp).

Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Calibration. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Xiang-Sheng published the artcileGas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential oil from Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes, Name: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is Curcuma wenyujin rhizome essential oil GCMS.

A rapid and sensitive gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for quant. and qual. anal. of essential oil from Curcuma wenyujin rhizomes was established. The essential oil of C. wenyujin rhizomes was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE). Six main bioactive compounds (eucalyptol, β-elemene, curzerene, germacrone, curdione, and curcumol) were analyzed in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). Curzerene is not originally present in C. wenyujin rhizomes, but is a product of the transformation of furanodiene at high temperature The six target components demonstrated good linearity (R2 > 0.9979) over a relatively wide concentration range. The interday and intraday variations had relative standard deviation values less than 5% and the average recovery ranged from 96.95% to 100.04%. The limit of quantitation ranged from 0.032 to 0.235 μg/mL. The developed method was successfully used to analyze the six compounds in 17 samples collected from different origins. Significant variation was observed for the concentrations of the six compounds In addition, 51 constituents were identified in C. wenyujin rhizome essential oil, consisting of 87.66% of the total essential oil, including curdione, curzerene, dehydrocurdione, germacrone, 1,4-bis(2-benzimidazoyl)benzene, neocurdione, curcumenone, and β-elemene. The proposed method will be useful in the quality control of C. wenyujin rhizome essential oil production

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine published new progress about Calibration. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Name: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sa’adiyah, Devy Setiorini published the artcileSpatial Evolution of CO2-Contaminated Water Bubble Flows in a Vertical Pipe, COA of Formula: C8H18O, the main research area is carbon dioxide contaminated water bubble flow vertical pipe.

Experiments on CO2-water bubble flows in a vertical pipe were carried out for clean water, an aqueous NaCl solution, and an aqueous NaCl solution with 1-octanol to obtain databases of spatial evolutions of the flows with the impurities. Mass transfer correlations for bubbles in these liquids were implemented into a one-way bubble tracking method. Numerical predictions of the spatial evolution, e.g., transition from a bubbly to a slug flow, depending on the impurities agreed well with the experiments

Chemie Ingenieur Technik published new progress about Bubble flow. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, COA of Formula: C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

OReilly, Matthew C. published the artcileDiscovery-Based Bromination of Alcohols: An Organic Chemistry Experiment Supporting Spectroscopic Analysis and Mechanistic Reasoning, Quality Control of 584-02-1, the main research area is isomeric alc bromination laboratory experiment.

The bromination of six isomeric alcs. is adapted to a discovery-based organic chem. laboratory experiment, whereby students are provided an alc. starting material and are charged with determining the product or product mixture produced using relevant spectroscopic data. The experiment solidifies NMR anal. skills while reinforcing the mechanistic reasoning that supports the study of organic reactions. The laboratory is highly customizable and can be adapted to align with available instrumentation to best meet the needs of students, and it has been successfully implemented at three sep. universities.

Journal of Chemical Education published new progress about Bromination. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Quality Control of 584-02-1.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cilloni, Daniela published the artcileIron overload alters the energy metabolism in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: results from the multicenter FISM BIOFER study, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is myelodysplastic syndrome iron metabolism.

Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematol. malignancies characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and increased apoptosis in the bone marrow, which cause peripheral cytopenia. Although the energy metabolism could represent an attractive therapeutic target, it was poorly investigated in MDS. The purpose of the study was to analyze how the presence of myelodysplastic hematopoiesis, iron overload and chelation impact on mitochondrial metabolism We compared energy balance, OxPhos activity and efficiency, lactic dehydrogenase activity and lipid peroxidation in mononuclear cells (MNCs), isolated from 38 MDS patients and 79 healthy controls. Our data show that ATP/AMP ratio is reduced during aging and even more in MDS due to a decreased OxPhos activity associated with an increment of lipid peroxidation Moreover, the lactate fermentation enhancement was observed in MDS and elderly subjects, probably as an attempt to restore the energy balance. The biochem. alterations of MNCs from MDS patients have been partially restored by the in vitro iron chelation, while only slight effects were observed in the age-matched control samples. By contrast, the addition of iron chelators on MNCs from young healthy subjects determined a decrement in the OxPhos efficiency and an increment of lactate fermentation and lipid peroxidation In summary, MDS-MNCs display an altered energy metabolism associated with increased oxidative stress, due to iron accumulation. This condition could be partially restored by iron chelation.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Bone marrow. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Shengnan published the artcileStructural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng residue and its immunomodulatory activity on bone marrow dendritic cells, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is Panax polysaccharide bone marrow dendritic cell immunomodulation; Bone marrow dendritic cells; Immunomodulatory adjuvant; Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen; Polysaccharide; Structural characterization.

This study isolated and characterized a novel polysaccharide (PNPS-0.3) from the residue of Panax notoginseng by gradient elution. PNPS-0.3 mainly consisted of a backbone of →4)- α-D-GalAp-(1 → 4-β-L-Rhap-1 → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → residues, with an α-L-Araf-1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → branch connecting to the backbone at O-3 of →4-β-L-Rhap-1 → and a mol. weight of 76,655 Da. Furthermore, the adjuvant potential of PNPS-0.3 with bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) was investigated. The results suggested that PNPS-0.3 could induce maturation of BMDCs by reshaping the morphol., upregulating the CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC II membrane phenotypic markers, and by promoting the secretion of TNF-α and IL-12 proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, PNPS-0.3 can trigger the DC-induced T-cell immune response, as indicated by the higher expressions of CD4, CD8, CD69, and MHC II in T cells with increased secretion of INF-β. PNPS-0.3 also upregulated the expressions of Myd88, IKKβ, P-P65, T-P65, and NF-κB, suggesting that the TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the immunomodulatory mechanism. In conclusion, the immunoadjuvant potential of novel PNPS-0.3 was characterized, which is beneficial for the future utilization and development of P. notoginseng.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Bone marrow. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts