Month: December 2022

Rasmussen, Shauna A. published the artcileA galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase-null rat model of classic galactosemia mimics relevant patient outcomes and reveals tissue-specific and longitudinal differences in galactose metabolism, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is GALT mutation cognition galactosemia animal behavior metabolism; GALT; cognitive; galactosemia; metabolite; model; rat.

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a potentially lethal inborn error of metabolism, if untreated, that results from profound deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), the middle enzyme of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism While newborn screening and rapid dietary restriction of galactose prevent or resolve the potentially lethal acute symptoms of CG, by mid-childhood, most treated patients experience significant complications. The mechanisms underlying these long-term deficits remain unclear. Here we introduce a new GALT-null rat model of CG and demonstrate that these rats display cataracts, cognitive, motor, and growth phenotypes reminiscent of patients outcomes. We further apply the GALT-null rats to test how well blood biomarkers, typically followed in patients, reflect metabolic perturbations in other, more relevant tissues. Our results document that the relative levels of galactose metabolites seen in GALT deficiency differ widely by tissue and age, and that red blood cell Gal-1P, the marker most commonly followed in patients, shows no significant association with Gal-1P in other tissues. The work reported here establishes our outbred GALT-null rats as an effective model for at least four complications characteristic of CG, and sets the stage for future studies addressing mechanism and testing the efficacy of novel candidate interventions.

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spielvogel, Sandra published the artcileDistribution of cutin and suberin biomarkers under forest trees with different root systems, Formula: C17H34O3, the main research area is Fagus Picea Quercus Pseudotsuga root cutin suberin biomarker.

Differences in chem. composition of root compounds and root systems among tree species may affect organic matter (OM) distribution, source and composition in forest soils. The objective of this study was to elucidate the contribution of species specific cutin and suberin biomarkers as proxies for shoot- and root-derived organic carbon (OC) to soil OM at different depths with increasing distance to the stems of four different tree species. The contribution of cutin- and suberin-derived lipids to OM in a Cutanic Alisol was analyzed with increasing soil depth and distance to the stems of Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies (L.) Karst., Quercus robur L. and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Cutin and suberin monomers of plants and soils were analyzed by alk. hydrolysis and subsequent gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The amount and distribution of suberin-derived lipids in soil clearly reflected the specific root system of the different tree species. The amount of cutin-derived lipids decreased strongly with soil depth, indicating that the input of leaf/needle material is restricted to the topsoil. In contrast to the suberin-derived lipids, the spatial pattern of cutin monomer contribution to soil OM did not depend on tree species. Our results document the importance of tree species as a main factor controlling the composition and distribution of OM in forest soils. They reveal the impact of tree species on root-derived OM distribution and the necessity to distinguish among different zones when studying soil OM storage in forests.

Plant and Soil published new progress about Biomarkers. 13099-34-8 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C17H34O3, Formula: C17H34O3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Prateeksha published the artcileEndolichenic fungus, Aspergillus quandricinctus of Usnea longissima inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Name: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is sequence Usnea Aspergillus Pseudomonas biofilm quorum sensing; Anti-quorum sensing; Endolichenic fungi; Virulence factor; lichen, violacein pigment.

The isolated ELF was identified by amplifying the long subunit region of the fungal genome. The extracted metabolites of ELF (MELE) using the acetone solvent was further investigated for anti-quorum sensing activity using the biomarker strain Chromobacterium violaceum 12472 which exerts violacein pigment via the AHL mediated quorum sensing signalling. Moreover, the effect of MELE was also evaluated on the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The mol. identification revealed that ELF exhibited 100% similarity with Aspergillus quandricinctus strain CBS 135.52. The MELE showed significant anti-quorum sensing activity at the concentration of 4 mg/mL without affecting the bacterial cell viability of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The MELE diminished the production of virulence factors, including pyocyanin, protease, elastase, rhamnolipids, and extracellular polysaccharides of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in a concentration-dependent manner. The MELE also disturbed biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The 3-D anal. of biofilm architecture showed that the thickness and surface area covered by microcolonies was decreased as the concentration of MELE was increased. The GC-MS anal. of MELE exhibited that organic acids and fatty acids are major constituents of the MELE. The present study reports first time that the ELF, A. quandricinctus possesses potential to inhibit quorum sensing and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and can be further exploited for hospital and healthcare facilities.

Microbial Pathogenesis published new progress about Biomarkers. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Name: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Di published the artcileImmunoglobulin g n-glycan analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Igg n glycan ultra performance liquid chromatog.

Glycomics is a new subspecialty in omics system research that offers significant potential in discovering next-generation biomarkers for disease susceptibility, drug target discovery, and precision medicine. Alternative IgG N-glycans have been reported in several common chronic diseases and suggested to have great potential in clin. applications (i.e., biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of diseases). IgG N-glycans are widely characterized using the method of hydrophilic interaction chromatog. (HILIC) ultra-performance liquid chromatog. (UPLC). UPLC is a stable detection technol. with good reproducibility and high relative quant. accuracy. In addition, the structure of IgG N-glycan is clearly separated, and glycan composition and relative abundance in plasma are characterized.

Journal of Visualized Experiments published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mahoney, Lisa B. published the artcileMetabolomic profiling of extraesophageal reflux disease in children, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is extraesophageal reflux disease metabolite profile.

Although respiratory symptoms in children are often attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease, establishing a clear diagnosis of extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD) can be challenging, as there are no sensitive or specific EERD biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolite profile in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid from children with suspected EERD and assess the impact of reflux treatment on these metabolites. In this prospective pilot study, we performed nontargeted global metabolomic profiling on BAL fluid from 43 children undergoing testing with bronchoscopy, upper endoscopy, and multichannel intraluminal impedance with pH (pH-MII) for evaluation of chronic respiratory symptoms. Twenty-three (54%) patients had an abnormal pH-MII study. Seventeen (40%) patients were on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for testing. Levels of histamine, malate, AMP, and ascorbate were significantly lower in subjects with abnormal pH-MII studies compared to those normal studies. Furthermore, in children off PPI therapy, those with abnormal pH-MII studies had robust increases in a number of glycerophospholipids within phospholipid metabolic pathways, including derivatives of glycerophosphorylcholine, glycerophosphoglycerol, and glycerophosphoinositol, compared to those with normal pH-MII studies. These findings offer insight into the impact of reflux and PPIs on the lungs and provide a foundation for future studies using targeted metabolomic anal. to identify potential biomarkers of EERD.

Clinical and Translational Science published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reade, Sophie published the artcilePotential role of fecal volatile organic compounds as biomarkers of chemically induced intestinal inflammation in mice, COA of Formula: C5H12O, the main research area is acute chronic colitis intestinal inflammation feces VOC biomarker; VOCs; colitis; inflammatory bowel disease.

Metabolomics studies have the potential to discover biomarkers. Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been found to differ in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Murine models of colitis offer an alternative to human studies in which diet can be controlled. We aimed to investigate fecal VOCs from mice in which acute and chronic colitis was induced. Groups of adult C57BL/6 mice underwent treatment with oral dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis. Control mice received no treatment or had acute osmotic diarrhea induced with magnesium sulfate. Colitis was assessed clin. and by histol. Samples of feces and/or colon contents were collected and volatile compounds determined by solid phase microextraction-GC-MS. Statistics were performed using metabolomics tools. Acute colitis was associated with an increase in aldehydes and chronic colitis with one specific ketone. Osmotic diarrhea was associated with a significant reduction in VOCs, especially alcs. We provide evidence that the identification of disease-associated VOC concentration ranges, combined with specific marker compounds, would potentially increase the likelihood of finding an inflammatory bowel disease-specific fecal VOC marker profile.

FASEB Journal published new progress about Biomarkers. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, COA of Formula: C5H12O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bagchi, Soumita published the artcileSignificance of serum galactose deficient IgA1 as a potential biomarker for IgA nephropathy: A case control study, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is IgA1 serum galactose IgA nephropathy.

Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN) is a common glomerular disease with a higher risk of progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in certain ethnic populations. Since galactose deficient IgA1(Gd-IgA1) is a critical mol. in its pathogenesis, it has generated interest as a biomarker for this disease. Methods: We measured serum Gd-IgA1 levels using a non- lectin based enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) in 136 immunosuppression naive patients with primary IgAN and 110 controls(60-non IgA glomerular diseases, 50-healthy volunteers). Results: Median serum Gd-IgA1 levels were significantly higher in IgAN patients [13135.6(2723.3,59603.8)ng/mL] compared to those with non IgA glomerular disease [4954.8(892.9,18256.2) ng/mL] and healthy controls [6299.5(1993.2,19256) ng/mL] and this was observed even after log transformation and adjustment for age and gender(p<0.0001). Considering a cut-off value of serum Gd-IGA1 ≥ 7982.1ng/mL, the sensitivity for diagnosing IgAN compared to healthy controls was 74.3% and specificity was 72.0% with a pos. predictive value of 87.8% and neg. predictive value of 50.7%. The serum Gd-IgA1 level did not co-relate with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine protein creatinine ratio and the M, E, S, T and C scores on renal biopsy. The renal survival (absence of >30% decrease in eGFR, ESRD or death) was lower in patients with higher serum Gd-IgA1 levels(≥7982ng/mL) than those who had lower levels but it was not statistically significant(p = 0.486). Conclusion: Serum Gd-IgA1 level is higher in IgAN patients compared to non-IgA glomerular diseases and healthy controls and has a good pos. predictive value for diagnosis. However, it does not correlate with clin. and histol. characteristics of disease severity and does not predict disease progression.

PLoS One published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Irabu, Hitoshi published the artcileClinical significance of serum galactose-deficient IgA1 level in children with IgA nephropathy, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is child IgA nephropathy serum galactose deficiency.

This study was aimed at investigating the clin. significance of serum galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) levels measured by a novel lectin-independent ELISA (ELISA) using an anti-Gd-IgA1 monoclonal antibody (KM55) as a disease-specific biomarker for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in children. Thirty-three children with IgAN, 40 with non-IgA glomerular diseases, and 38 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Serum Gd-IgA1 levels were quantified by ELISA using KM55. Results were statistically compared with clin. features and pathol. findings of IgAN. Serum Gd-IgA1 levels were significantly elevated in children with IgAN compared with children with non-IgA glomerular diseases and HCs. Serum Gd-IgA1 levels in children with IgAN were pos. correlated with serum total IgA levels. However, the serum Gd-IgA1/total IgA ratio (Gd-IgA1/IgA) was also significantly elevated in children with IgAN. Serum Gd-IgA1 levels in children with IgAN increased in an age-dependent manner. The cutoff value of serum Gd-IgA1 levels for differentiating IgAN from non-IgA glomerular diseases was 3236 in children < 12 years and 5284 in children ≥ 12 years, resp. In contrast, serum GdIgA1/IgA was age-independent. The cutoff value of serum Gd-IgA1/IgA for differentiating IgAN from non-IgA glomerular diseases was 0.2401. Serum Gd-IgA1 levels were neg. correlated with eGFR and pos. correlated with mesangial IgA deposition. In contrast, serum Gd-IgA1/IgA levels were not correlated with any clin. parameters of IgAN. In conclusion, serum Gd-IgA1 levels were significantly elevated in children with IgAN. However, those levels were age-dependent; therefore, serum Gd-IgA1 levels classified by age and/or serum Gd-IgA1/IgA might have diagnostic values in children with IgAN. Journal of Immunology Research published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Lingzi published the artcileMetabolomics identifies a biomarker revealing in vivo loss of functional β-cell mass before diabetes onset, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is diabetes beta cell mass metabolomics 1 5 anhydroglucitol liver.

Identification of individuals with decreased functional β-cell mass is essential for the prevention of diabetes. However, in vivo detection of early asymptomatic β-cell defect remains unsuccessful. Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool in providing readouts of early disease states before clin. manifestation. We aimed at identifying novel plasma biomarkers for loss of functional β-cell mass in the asymptomatic prediabetes stage. Nontargeted and targeted metabolomics were applied in both lean β-Phb2-/- (β-cell-specific prohibitin-2 knockout) mice and obese db/db (leptin receptor mutant) mice, two distinct mouse models requiring neither chem. nor dietary treatments to induce spontaneous decline of functional β-cell mass promoting progressive diabetes development. Nontargeted metabolomics on β-Phb2-/- mice identified 48 and 82 significantly affected metabolites in liver and plasma, resp. Machine learning anal. pointed to deoxyhexose sugars consistently reduced at the asymptomatic prediabetes stage, including in db/db mice, showing strong correlation with the gradual loss of β-cells. Further targeted metabolomics by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry uncovered the identity of the deoxyhexose, with 1,5-anhydroglucitol displaying the most substantial changes. In conclusion, this study identified 1,5-anhydroglucitol as associated with the loss of functional β-cell mass and uncovered metabolic similarities between liver and plasma, providing insights into the systemic effects caused by early decline in β-cells.

Diabetes published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hoeglund, Martin published the artcileFacile Processing of Transparent Wood Nanocomposites with Structural Color from Plasmonic Nanoparticles, SDS of cas: 7575-23-7, the main research area is facile processing transparent wood nanocomposite structural color plasmonic nanoparticle.

Wood is an eco-friendly and abundant substrate and a candidate for functionalization by large-scale nanotechnologies. Infiltration of nanoparticles into wood, however, is hampered by the hierarchically structured and interconnected fibers in wood. In this work, delignified wood is impregnated with gold and silver salts, which are reduced in situ to plasmonic nanoparticles via microwave-assisted synthesis. Transparent biocomposites are produced from nanoparticle-containing wood in the form of load-bearing materials with structural color. The coloration stems from nanoparticle surface plasmons, which require low size dispersity and particle separation Delignified wood functions as a green reducing agent and a reinforcing scaffold to which the nanoparticles attach, predesigning their distribution on the surface of fibrous “”tubes””. The nanoscale structure is investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman microscopy to determine particle size, particle distribution, and structure-property relationships. Optical properties, including response to polarized light, are of particular interest.

Chemistry of Materials published new progress about Balsa wood. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, SDS of cas: 7575-23-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts