Month: December 2022

Ruiz-Rodriguez, Irene published the artcileExperimental study of the effect of C8 oxygenates on sooting processes in high pressure spray flames, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5, the main research area is oxygenate sooting spray flame combustion thermo phys chem property.

Oxygenated compounds have the ability to reduce soot emissions and to improve the combustion efficiency in engines. Most studies have focused on the soot reduction potential of shorter carbon chain oxygenates, while longer carbon chain oxygenates are still relatively unexplored. In this work, the soot reduction potential of long carbon chain oxygenates having similar thermo-phys. and chem. properties to those of diesel have been studied, viz., 2-octanone (ketone), 1-octanol (alc.), hexyl acetate (ester) and octanal (aldehyde). These oxygenates were injected at high pressure into a constant volume chamber maintained at high ambient temperature conditions, and their spray flames were investigated using a high-speed, two-color pyrometry system. It was found that for the same injected fuel mass, the oxygenates reduced the overall soot when compared to diesel. Small differences in sooting tendencies were observed between different oxygenated moieties but these were smaller than those relative to diesel. The absence of aromatic groups and the presence of oxygen directly bonded to carbon atoms seemed to have a larger effect on soot reduction than the oxygenated functional group. The oxygenates altered the local oxygen equivalence ratio in the spray, influencing the soot formation and its distribution in the flame. Under the high pressure conditions studied, the average sooting tendency of the long carbon-chain oxygenates studied increased in the order of: ester< aldehyde ∼ alc.HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Qianqian published the artcileExperimental and kinetic modeling study of laminar flame characteristics of higher mixed alcohols, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is higher mixed alc laminar flame kinetic model.

Mixturesof alcs.combining strengths of lower and higher alcs.show promising alternative properties as engine fuel. To aid the extensive application of the mixed alcs., detailed combustion investigation is necessary. In this study, laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths were measured for simplified higher mixed alcs.(blends of methanol and n-hexanol/n-heptanol/n-octanol) with spherically propagating flame at 0.1 MPa, elevated temperatureof 433 K, and different mixing ratios. A comprehensive model was developed to describe the high temperaturechem.of the mixed alcs. The accuracy of the model was validated with present data. Results reveal that the three higher alcs.exhibited close laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths resulting from their similar thermal, diffusion, and chem.kinetic properties. With the increasing mixing ratio of the higher alcs., the laminar flame speed decreased, especiallyfor the rich mixtures The maximum laminar flame speed slightly shifted to the lean side. The Markstein length increased at extremely lean mixturesand decreased at extremely rich mixtures, with the intersection occurring at the equivalence ratio between 1.2 and 1.3. The laminar flame speed variation of the mixed alcs.was dominated by chem. kinetics. Reaction pathway analyses indicated that the cracking process of each component in the mixed alcs.remains as that in the pure alcs. Such result demonstrated the chem.kinetic effect resulting from changes in fuel components.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Combustion. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dubinin, Mikhail V. published the artcileEffect of hypothermia on the functional activity of liver mitochondria of grass snake (Natrix natrix): inhibition of succinate-fueled respiration and K+ transport, ROS-induced activation of mitochondrial permeability transition, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is Natrix succinate respiration liver mitochondria permeability transition; Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial pore; Fatty acids; Grass snake; Hibernation; Hypothermia; Liver mitochondria; Potassium ions; Reactive oxygen species.

The article considers the comparative anal. of the functional activity of mitochondria isolated from the liver of grass snakes, Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) that were kept at different temperatures (23-26°C and 4-5°C). It was found that liver mitochondria of hypothermia-exposed grass snakes are characterized by weak coupling of oxidative phosphorylation as compared to mitochondria of active animals which is caused by inhibition of succinate-fuelled respiration in ADP-stimulated state, as well as by activation of basal non-phosphorylating rate. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in hibernating animals is associated with a decrease in the activity of the respiratory chain complexes of organelles. Under these conditions, a decrease in the calcium capacity of the organelles was also revealed, which indicates a decrease in the resistance of the mitochondria of hibernating animals to the induction of the Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial pore. All these changes in the functional activity of mitochondria are observed on the background of increasing H2O2 production as well as increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid composition of mitochondrial membranes, which are the targets of reactive oxygen species. It can lead to increased formation of lipid peroxides and activation of destructive processes associated with the induction of Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial pore.

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes published new progress about Cell death. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Manko, B. O. published the artcileAdaptive respiratory response of rat pancreatic acinar cells to mitochondrial membrane depolarization, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is pancreatic acinar cell mitochondrial membrane depolarization adaptive respiratory response.

The dependence of uncoupled respiratory capacity of intact pancreatic acini on oxidative substrate supply and functional cell state has not yet been studied in detail. In this study, the respiratory responses of isolated pancreatic acini to FCCP were measured with Clark electrode and mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed with rhodamine123 fluorescence. The response of acini to FCCP was characterized with maximal uncoupled respiration rate, optimal FCCP concentration, respiration acceleration and deceleration. Maximal uncoupled respiration rate substantially increased upon the oxidation of glucose + glutamine (3.03 ± 0.54 r.u.), glucose + glutamine + pyruvate (2.82 ± 0.51 r.u.), glucose + isocitrate (2.71 ± 0.33 r.u.), glucose + malate (2.75 ± 0.38 r.u.), glucose + monomethyl-succinate (2.64 ± 0.42 r.u.) or glucose + dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate (2.36 ± 0.33 r.u.) comparing to glucose alone (1.73-2.02 r.u.) or no substrate (1.76 – 0.33 r.u.). The optimal FCCP concentration was the highest (1.75 μM) upon glucose + glutamine + pyruvate combination and the lowest (0.5 μM) upon glutamate, combinations of glucose with isocitrate, malate, succinate or α-ketoglutarate. Respiration acceleration after FCCP application was the highest with dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate. Following the peak respiration, time-dependent deceleration was observed It increased with FCCP concentration and depended on oxidative substrate type. Deceleration was the highest upon malate or isocitrate oxidation but was not observed in case of glutamine or dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate oxidation Pyruvate alone or in combination with glutamine and glucose significantly decreased the depolarizing effect of FCCP on mitochondrial membrane potential and increased respiration elasticity coefficient with respect to the membrane potential change. Thus, in pancreatic acinar cells, the combination of pyruvate, glutamine and glucose enables the optimal adaptive respiratory response to membrane depolarization.

Ukrainian Biochemical Journal published new progress about Catabolism. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hoffmann, Jessica Fernanda published the artcileVolatile compounds profile of Brazilian aromatic brown rice genotypes and its cooking quality characteristics, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is volatile compound brown rice cooking.

Background and objectives : This study evaluated the volatile profile by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the cooking quality properties of seven aromatic and one non-aromatic rice genotypes grown in Brazil. Findings : Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified by SPME-GC/MS anal. PCA and PLS-DA allowed the separation of aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes. PLS-DA anal. revealed six compounds as discriminating between groups: 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), decanal, 2-hexanone, 2-pentylfuran, 1-hexanol, and hexanal. 2-AP was detected only in aromatic genotypes, and the content varied from 0.21 to 0.57 μg/g. Cooking time changed from 23.5 to 38.3 min in the new aromatic genotypes while hardness changed from 52.7 to 100.7 N. Conclusions : Our study revealed six volatile compounds as discriminants between aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes grown in Brazil. 2-AP was identified only in aromatic genotypes. Genotype BR5 exhibited the best general performance since their volatile compounds results indicate less off-flavors (hexanal), higher 2-AP content, and similar cooking time and hardness to IRG and JAS. Significance and novelty : Results may help rice chain in selecting Brazilian genotypes of aromatic rice to be grown in Brazil and distributed worldwide. Also, this work may serve as a starting point for future work on aromatic rice authenticity.

Cereal Chemistry published new progress about Brown rice. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Cong published the artcileCharacterization of key aroma compounds in pixian broad bean paste through the molecular sensory science technique, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is pixian broad bean paste key aroma compound mol sensory.

The Pixian broad bean paste (PBBP) is widely welcomed by consumers in China due to its unique aroma. The objective of this study was to characterize the key aroma of PBBP. The aromas of PBBP were fractionated by normal phase-liquid chromatog. (NP-LC) and detected and identified by gas chromatog.-olfactory (GC-O) coupled with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and quantitated by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The results showed that 58 aroma-active compounds were identified in PBBP, of which acids and phenolics had the highest concentration, and 39 odorants were demonstrated as important odorants. Besides, aroma recombination tests and statistical anal. showed that the original PBBP and recombinant have no significant difference in sweat/sour, roasted, and floral attributes, proving that this study successfully simulated the typical aroma of PBBP. The omission tests demonstrated 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-vinylguaiacol as the key odorants and revealed the significance of sotolon, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF), the entire class of phenolics, and the entire class of acids, particularly acetic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid may have a synergistic effect, for the overall aroma of the PBBP.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Broad bean. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Christian, Arias-Reyes published the artcileNADH-linked mitochondrial respiration in the developing mouse brain is sex-, age- and tissue-dependent, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is NADH ATP synthase brainstem cortex sexual dimorphism oxidative phosphorylation; Brain development; Brainstem; Mice; Mitochondria; Sex dimorphism; cortex.

Mitochondria play a major role in the brain. In this work, we collected samples of brainstem and cortex of mice at postnatal ages 3 (P3), 21 (P21), and at adulthood (3 mo old) and evaluated the mitochondrial oxygen consumption after complex I activation. To do so, we used our oxygraph-2 K system (OROBOROS) that measures the mitochondrial bioenergetics in saponin-permeabilized tissue punches of 2 mg weight Furthermore, as sex dimorphism in the brain occurs since very early stages of development, we performed experiments in brain samples of male and female mice. Accordingly, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was evaluated under activation of complex I (NADH-linked respiration – mitochondrial state 3), and during the inhibition of the complex V (ATP synthase) with oligomycin (mitochondrial state 4). In following, the respiratory control ratio (RCR – state 3/state4) was calculated as an index of mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation coupling. Our results show that the activity of the mitochondrial complex I in the brain increases along with the postnatal development in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner, with males showing higher activity than females, and with brainstem tissue showing higher activity than cortex. Our data may contribute to a better understanding of the sex-dependent maturation of the cortex and the cardiorespiratory network located in the brainstem.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology published new progress about Brain stem. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hong, Yubiao published the artcileChiral-at-Iron Catalyst: Expanding the Chemical Space for Asymmetric Earth-Abundant Metal Catalysis, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is chiral iron catalyst chem space asym earth abundant metal; enantioselective Cannizzaro reaction; asym Nazarov cyclization.

A new class of chiral iron catalysts is introduced that contains exclusively achiral ligands with the overall chirality being the result of a stereogenic iron center. Specifically, iron(II) is cis-coordinated to two N-(2-pyridyl)-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (PyNHC) ligands in a bidentate fashion in addition to two monodentate acetonitriles, and the dicationic complex is complemented by two hexafluorophosphate ions. Depending on the helical twist of the PyNHC ligands, the metal center adopts either a Λ or Δ absolute configuration. Importantly, the two PyNHC ligands are constitutionally and configurationally inert, while the two acetonitriles are labile and allow asym. transition metal catalysis. This is demonstrated with an enantioselective Cannizzaro reaction (96% yield, 88% ee) and an asym. Nazarov cyclization (89% yield, >20:1 dr, 83% ee).

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Bond angle. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dou, Zuman published the artcileThe effect of ultrasound irradiation on the physicochemical properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of blackberry fruit polysaccharide, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is blackberry fruit polysaccharide ultrasound irradiation physicochem property.

In this study, the influence of ultrasound irradiation on the characterization and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of polysaccharide from blackberry fruit (BBP, mol. weight of 591.39 kDa) was investigated. After degraded, BBP-8, BBP-16 and BBP-24 three fractions were obtained with mol. weight of 363.93, 249.51 and 177.42 KDa, resp. Moreover, compared with the particle size of BBP (1070.5 nm), that of BBP-8, BBP-16 and BBP-24 were decreased to 679.9, 548.8 and 395.4 nm, resp. However, the monosaccharide composition test, FT-IR, and tertiary structure anal. all indicated that the ultrasound did not destroy the primary structure of the original polysaccharide. In addition, the degraded polysaccharide (BBP-24) exhibited the stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of BBP. By fluorescence spectrum and CD spectrum anal., we found that the polysaccharide could induce the structure change like rigidity structure (α-helixe) and loop structure (random coil) of α-glucosidase to inhibit its activity by binding to the α-glucosidase. The polysaccharide with different mol. weight showed different binding capacity which was related to its inhibitory effect on the α-glucosidase. In general, the results suggested that appropriate degradation was benefit for the enhancement of the inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase of blackberry polysaccharide, and ultrasound irradiation was a green and efficient method to produce bioactivity-added polysaccharide for use in the functional food.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Blackberry. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Xiaoxia published the artcileStructural characterization and osteogenic bioactivities of a novel Humulus lupulus polysaccharide, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Humulus osteoporosis osteogenicity polysaccharide.

The female flowers of H. lupulus are also used in traditional Chinese medicine, but the biol. active ingredients underlying its benefits remain unclear. In this study, we isolated a homogeneous polysaccharide (HLP50-1) with a mol. weight of 49.13 kDa from female flowers of H. lupulus via a DEAE-Cellulose 52 anion exchange column and a Sephadex G-75 gel filtration column. Methylation, GC-MS, and NMR analyses revealed that the HLP50-1 comprised (→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→), β-D-Glcp-(1→), α-L-Araf-(1→, →4,6)-2-OAc-β-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6))-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →2,3,4)-α-D-Xylp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→). Advanced structural anal. showed that the HLP50-1 contained irregular fragments of different sizes and shapes with a smooth surface. The aggregates appeared be composed of accumulated crystals. Furthermore, the osteogenic activities of the HLP50-1 were evaluated via MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. The results showed that 0.13μM HLP50-1 led to outstanding proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of the MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, HLP50-1 has osteogenic effects, and it may be a candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. It has broad application prospects in functional foods, health-care products, and pharmaceuticals.

Food & Function published new progress about Bitterness. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts