Month: December 2022

Samaniego-Vaesken, Ma de Lourdes published the artcileNovel database of declared low- and no-calorie sweeteners from foods and beverages available in Spain, Computed Properties of 64519-82-0, the main research area is low calorie sweetener food beverage.

Added sugars encompass a number of ingredients used to improve flavor, texture and many characteristics from food products. Their increased intake from foods and beverages has been described by several studies and public health authorities recommend reducing their consumption. The use of low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) has acquired a central role as partial or total substitutes for these controversial ingredients. Our objective was to identify and update the availability and types of LNCS declared on product information accessible through online retailer shopping platforms from Spain and to compile a database. A total of 357 packaged products were evaluated and a variety of foods and beverages include LNCS in their composition: overall, soft drinks (20%, N = 70), fruit juices and nectars (14%, N = 49), yoghurts and fermented milks (13%, N = 47) and chewing gum and candies (12%, N = 44). The most frequent combination of LNCS found were acesulfame K with sucralose (22%, N = 81), followed by individual addition of sucralose (13%, N = 49) and sorbitol (9%, N = 34) whereas mannitol, xylitol, neohesperidine DC and lactitol were minor (≤1%). Data on LNCS distribution amongst food and beverage groups and their consumption amongst the Spanish population is still limited and due to the continuous evolution resulting from reformulation practices.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis published new progress about Beverages. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Computed Properties of 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Melnik, Bodo C. published the artcileSynergistic effects of milk-derived exosomes and galactose on α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is review milk galactose alpha synuclein Parkinson disease diabetes mellitus; DNA methyltransferase 1; Parkinson’s disease; autophagy; diabetes mellitus; galactose; milk exosome; milk microRNAs; oxidative stress; vagal nerve; α-synuclein.

Epidemiol. studies associate milk consumption with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). PD is an α-synucleinopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, deficient lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein (α-syn) and aggregation of misfolded α-syn. In T2D, α-syn promotes co-aggregation with islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic β-cells. Prion-like vagal nerve-mediated propagation of exosomal α-syn from the gut to the brain and pancreatic islets apparently link both pathologies. Exosomes are critical transmitters of α-syn from cell to cell especially under conditions of compromised autophagy. This review provides translational evidence that milk exosomes (MEX) disturb α-syn homeostasis. MEX are taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and accumulate in the brain after oral administration to mice. The potential uptake of MEX miRNA-148a and miRNA-21 by enteroendocrine cells in the gut, dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and pancreatic β-cells may enhance miRNA-148a/DNMT1-dependent overexpression of α-syn and impair miRNA-148a/PPARGC1A- and miRNA-21/LAMP2A-dependent autophagy driving both diseases. MiRNA-148a- and galactose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress activate c-Abl-mediated aggregation of α-syn which is exported by exosome release. Via the vagal nerve and/or systemic exosomes, toxic α-syn may spread to dopaminergic neurons and pancreatic β-cells linking the pathogenesis of PD and T2D.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Autophagy. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gottardi, Davide published the artcileSublethal HPH treatment is a sustainable tool that induces autolytic-like processes in the early gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is Saccharomyces HPH treatment autolytic processes gene expression; Autolysis; Gene expression; High-pressure homogenization; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Volatile molecule profiles.

Sublethal HPH treatments have been demonstrated to impact the technol. properties and functions of treated microorganisms by inducing specific enzymes/genes or modulating membrane structures and inducing autolysis. In this work, the early effects of a 100 MPa HPH treatment on the winery starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALEAFERM AROM grown in synthetic must were assessed. While there were no differences in cell cultivability during the first 48 h between treated and untreated cells, a reduction in volatile metabolites released by HPH-treated cells during the first 2 h was observed This reduction was only temporary since after 48 h, volatile mols. reached similar or even higher concentrations compared with the control. Moreover, the gene expression response of HPH-treated cells was evaluated after 1 h of incubation and compared with that of untreated cells. A massive rearrangement of gene expression was observed with the identification of 1220 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most of the genes related to energetic metabolic pathways and ribosome structure were downregulated, while genes involved in ribosome maturation, transcription, DNA repair, response to stimuli and stress were upregulated. These findings suggest that HPH induces or promotes an autolytic-like behavior that can be exploited in winemaking.

Food Research International published new progress about Autolysis. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Nifei published the artcileFractionation, structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide fractions from asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) skin, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is Asparagus polysaccharide macrophage phagocytosis physicochem property; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharide fractions; Structural characterization; Structure-immunomodulatory relationship; White asparagus skin.

The physicochem. properties, structural features and structure-immunomodulatory activity relationship of pectic polysaccharides from the white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) skin were systematically studied. Using sequential ethanol precipitation, five sub-fractions namely WASP-40, WASP-50, WASP-60, WASP-70 and WASP-80 with distinct degree of esterification (DE) and mol. weight (Mw) were obtained. The Mw and DE values were decreased with the increase of the ethanol concentrations Structurally, although 4-α-D-GalpA was the dominant sugar residue in all fractions, the molar ratios were decreased, whereas other sugar residues including arabinose- and mannose-based sugar residues overall increased with the increase of ethanol concentration In addition, the effects of sub-fractions on the RAW 264.7 cells indicated that pectic polysaccharides with the higher DE value showed a stronger immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship was also discussed in this study, which extends the value-added application of asparagus and its processing byproducts.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Asparagus. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gou, Quan published the artcileC(sp3)-H Monoarylation of methanol enabled by a bidentate auxiliary, HPLC of Formula: 505-10-2, the main research area is arylmethanol preparation methanol directing group monoarylation palladium catalysis.

With the assistance of a practical directing group (COAQ), the first catalytic protocol for the palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)-H monoarylation of methanol has been developed, offering an invaluable synthesis means to establish extensive derivatives of crucial arylmethanol functional fragments. Furthermore, the gram-scale reaction, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and even the practical synthesis of medicines further demonstrate the usefulness of this strategy.

Organic Letters published new progress about Arylation. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, HPLC of Formula: 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antony, Binu published the artcilePheromone receptor of the globally invasive quarantine pest of the palm tree, the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), Formula: C5H12O, the main research area is Rhynchophorus ferrugineus pheromone receptor palm tree; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ; aggregation pheromone; deorphanization; pheromone receptor; red palm weevil.

Palm trees are of immense economic, sociocultural, touristic, and patrimonial significance all over the world, and date palm-related knowledge, traditions, and practices are now included in UNESCOs list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Of all the pests that infest these trees, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is its primary enemy. The RPW is a category-1 quarantine insect pest that causes enormous economic losses in palm tree cultivation worldwide. The RPW synchronizes mass gathering on the palm tree for feeding and mating, regulated by a male-produced pheromone composed of two methyl-branched compounds, (4RS, 5RS)-4-methylnonan-5-ol (ferrugineol) and 4(RS)-methylnonan-5-one (ferrugineone). Despite the importance of odorant detection in long-range orientation towards palm trees, palm colonization, and mating, the pheromone receptor has not been identified in this species. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of the first RPW pheromone receptor, RferOR1. Using gene silencing and functional expression in Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons, we demonstrate that RferOR1 is tuned to ferrugineol and ferrugineone and binds five other structurally related mols. We reveal the lifetime expression of RferOR1, which correlates with adult mating success irresp. of age, a factor that could explain the wide distribution and spread of this pest. As palm weevils are challenging to control based on conventional methods, elucidation of the mechanisms of pheromone detection opens new routes for mating disruption and the early detection of this pest via the development of pheromone receptor-based biosensors.

Molecular Ecology published new progress about Arecaceae. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Formula: C5H12O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Hong published the artcileCytotoxicity and degradation product identification of thermally treated ceftiofur, Name: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is ceftiofur cytotoxicity thermal treatment cell proliferation.

Ceftiofur (CEF) is a cephalosporin antibiotic and is a commonly used drug in animal food production As a heat-labile compound, the residual CEF toxicity after thermal treatment has rarely been reported. This study was to investigate the potential toxicity of thermally treated CEF and determine the toxic components. By cytotoxicity tests and liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays, the cytotoxicity of the thermally treated CEF (TTC) and the components of TTC was identified, resp. Our results showed that TTC exhibited significantly increased toxicity compared with CEF towards LO2 cells by inducing apoptosis. Through LC-MS assays, we identified that the toxic compound of TTC was CEF-aldehyde (CEF-1). The IC50 value of CEF-1 on LO2 cells treated for 24 h was 573.1μg mL-1, approx. 5.3 times lower than CEF (3052.0μg mL-1) and 3.4 times lower than TTC (1967.0μg mL-1). Moreover, we found that CEF-1 was also present in thermally treated desfuroylceftiofur (DFC), the primary metabolite of CEF, indicating that residual CEF or DFC could produce CEF-1 during the heating process. These findings suggest that CEF-1 is a newly identified toxic compound, and CEF-1 may pose a potential threat to food safety or public health.

RSC Advances published new progress about Apoptosis. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Name: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gu, Jinyan published the artcilePreparation, characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharide fractions from Sagittaria sagittifolia L., Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is polysaccharide fraction Sagittaria sagittifolia antioxidant extraction; Antioxidant activity; Characterization; Fractional precipitation; Immunoactivity; Sagittaria sagittifolia L. polysaccharide; Ultrasonic assisted extraction.

To ascertain the preliminary structural characteristics and biol. activity of different fractions of polysaccharides from Sagittaria sagittifolia L. (SPCs) by ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), four new polysaccharides (SPC-60, SPC-70, SPC-80 and SPC-90) were successively fractionated by ethanol. The results implied that except for neutral sugar, four contained proteins and uronic acids in their structure, which were further confirmed by the UV and IR spectra. Mol. weight and monosaccharide composition anal. exhibited that SPC-60 (52.0 kDa), SPC-70 (294.9 kDa), SPC-80 (230.6 kDa) and SPC-90 (229.4 kDa) were a neutral polysaccharide composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose with dramatically different mole ratios. In addition, SPC-70 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in vitro than the other three components. SPCs could significantly promote macrophage proliferation, NO release and phagocytosis. Thus, these results provided a reference for applications of S. sagittifolia L. polysaccharides which would benefit the development of industry and agriculture.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Apoptosis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reed, Kristi J. published the artcileDiethylene glycol and its metabolites induce cell death in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells in vitro, Application of 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, the main research area is diethylene glycol neuronal cell death neurotoxicity diglycolic acid HEAA; Diethylene glycol; Diglycolic acid; Hydroxyethoxyacetate; Neurotoxicity; SH-SY5Y cell death.

Diethylene glycol (DEG) intoxication results in metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and late-stage neurotoxicity. Though the renal and hepatic toxicity of DEG and its metabolites 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (2-HEAA) and diglycolic acid (DGA) have been well characterized, the resultant neurotoxicity has not. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were incubated with all 3 compounds at increasing concentrations for 24, 48, or 120 h. At all 3 time points, 50 mmol/L DGA and 100 mmol/L DEG showed significant Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining with addnl. concentrations showing similar staining patterns at 24 h (100 mmol/L DGA) and 48 h (50 mmol/L DEG, 100 mmol/L DGA). Only the 200 mmol/L 2-HEAA concentration induced SH-SY5Y cell death. Interestingly at 24 and 48 h, 100 mmol/L DEG induced significant increases in apoptotic cell death markers, which progressed to necrosis at 120 h. Similar to DEG, 50 mmol/L DGA induced significant increases in SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and necrosis markers at both 24 and 48 h. As expected, high DGA concentrations (100 mmol/L) at 120 h induced significant SH-SY5Y cell necrosis with no apoptosis detected. However, at 120 h lower DGA concentrations (20 mmol/L) significantly increased oligonucleosome formation alone and in combination with 2-HEAA or DEG. Taken together, these results indicate that DGA and DEG at threshold concentrations induce neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.

Toxicology In Vitro published new progress about Apoptosis. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qi, Zihe published the artcileEnhanced Cytotoxicity of Cadmium by a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Abalone, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is cytotoxicity cadmium sulfated polysaccharide abalone lipid metabolism disorder; abalone gonadal polysaccharide; apoptosis; cadmium ion; cell cycle; lipidomics; metabolism.

Consumption of seafood is a common route of cadmium ion (Cd2+) exposure to consumers. The seafood matrixes may alter the toxicity profile of Cd2+ due to the interaction between Cd2+ and biomacromols. in seafood. In this study, enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd2+ was found in the presence of an abalone gonad sulfated polysaccharide (AGSP) and the mechanism was investigated at a metabolic level. The formation of the AGSP-Cd2+ complex was demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased and mitochondrial membrane potential reduced upon exposure to the AGSP-Cd2+ complex as compared with those of Cd2+ exposure. The decreased cell viability after incubation with the AGSP-Cd2+ complex also suggested enhanced Cd2+ toxicity induced by AGSP. The metabolomics and lipidomics anal. revealed that, compared with the Cd2+ group, the AGSP-Cd2+ downregulated the phospholipid metabolism and resulted in more serious damage in the cellular membrane. The lipid metabolism disorder, in turn, amplified the generation of ROS, leading to a decrease in cell viability. These results provided new evidence of the enhanced Cd2+ toxicity upon interaction with seafood polysaccharides, and much attention should be paid to the effect of food ingredients on heavy metal ion toxicity.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about Apoptosis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts