Month: December 2022

Wu, Dongdong published the artcilePolymers with controlled assembly and rigidity made with click-functional peptide bundles, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is polymer rigidity peptide bundle.

The engineering of biol. mols. is a key concept in the design of highly functional, sophisticated soft materials. Biomols. exhibit a wide range of functions and structures, including chem. recognition (of enzyme substrates or adhesive ligands1, for instance), exquisite nanostructures (composed of peptides2, proteins3 or nucleic acids4), and unusual mech. properties (such as silk-like strength3, stiffness5, viscoelasticity6 and resiliency7). Here the authors combine the computational design of phys. (noncovalent) interactions with pathway-dependent, hierarchical ′click′ covalent assembly to produce hybrid synthetic peptide-based polymers. The nanometer-scale monomeric units of these polymers are homotetrameric, α-helical bundles of low-mol.-weight peptides. These bundled monomers, or ′bundlemers′, can be designed to provide complete control of the stability, size and spatial display of chem. functionalities. The protein-like structure of the bundle allows precise positioning of covalent linkages between the ends of distinct bundlemers, resulting in polymers with interesting and controllable phys. characteristics, such as rigid rods, semiflexible or kinked chains, and thermally responsive hydrogel networks. Chain stiffness can be controlled by varying only the linkage. Furthermore, by controlling the amino acid sequence along the bundlemer periphery, the authors use specific amino acid side chains, including non-natural ′click′ chem. functionalities, to conjugate moieties into a desired pattern, enabling the creation of a wide variety of hybrid nanomaterials.

Nature (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Hydrogels. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Padra, Medea published the artcileHelicobacter suis infection alters glycosylation and decreases the pathogen growth inhibiting effect and binding avidity of gastric mucins, SDS of cas: 59-23-4, the main research area is Helicobacter suis infection glycosylation gastric mucin.

Helicobacter suis is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in the human stomach and is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. suis colonizes the gastric mucosa of 60-95% of pigs at slaughter age, and is associated with chronic gastritis, decreased weight gain, and ulcers. Here, we show that exptl. H. suis infection changes the mucin composition and glycosylation, decreasing the amount of H. suis-binding glycan structures in the pig gastric mucus niche. Similarly, the H. suis-binding ability of mucins from H. pylori-infected humans is lower than that of noninfected individuals. Furthermore, the H. suis growth-inhibiting effect of mucins from both noninfected humans and pigs is replaced by a growth-enhancing effect by mucins from infected individuals/pigs. Thus, Helicobacter spp. infections impair the mucus barrier by decreasing the H. suis-binding ability of the mucins and by decreasing the antiprolific activity that mucins can have on H. suis. Inhibition of these mucus-based defenses creates a more stable and inhabitable niche for H. suis. This is likely of importance for long-term colonization and outcome of infection, and reversing these impairments may have therapeutic benefits.

Mucosal Immunology published new progress about Gastritis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, SDS of cas: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sarafian, Theodore A. published the artcileEnhanced mitochondrial inhibition by 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL)-oligomerized α-synuclein, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is forebrain mitochondria oxygen consumption rate membrane potential alpha synuclein; RRID: AB_398107 ; RRID: AB_437779 ; RRID: SCR_003210 ; DOPAL; mitochondrial membrane potential; oxygen consumption rate; small molecule rescue; α-synuclein oligomers.

Oligomeric forms of α-synuclein are believed to cause mitochondrial injury, which may contribute to neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here oligomers of α-synuclein were prepared using the dopamine metabolite, DOPAL (3,4-dihydroxyphenylaldehyde), in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride. Using isolated mouse brain mitochondria, DOPAL-oligomerized α-synuclein (DOS) significantly inhibited oxygen consumption rates compared with untreated, control-fibrillated, and dopamine-fibrillated synuclein, or with monomeric α-synuclein. Mitochondrial membrane potential studies using fluorescent probes, JC-1, and Safranin O, also detected enhanced inhibition by DOS compared with the other aggregated forms of α-synuclein. While diverse in chem. structure and mechanism, each compound has been reported to interact with mitochondrial complex I. The remaining set of chems. also did not disrupt oligomeric banding, attesting to the high structural stability of this α-synuclein proteoform. DOPAL and α-synuclein are both found in dopaminergic neurons, where their levels are elevated in PD and in animal models exposed to chem. toxicants, including agricultural pesticides. The current study provides further evidence of α-synuclein-induced mitochondrial injury and a likely role in PD neuropathol.

Journal of Neuroscience Research published new progress about Forebrain. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Yantao published the artcileComparison and characterization of galactomannan at different developmental stages of Gleditsia sinensis Lam., HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is galactomannan Gleditsia growth; Galactomannan deposition; Gleditsia sinensis Lam.; Mannose to galactose ratio; Rheological properties; Solubility.

Pods from a Gleditsia sinensis Lam. tree were collected and the galactomannan content and other properties were determined at their different developmental stages. In green and immature seed, galactomannan was substituted to a great extent with a mannose to galactose (M/G) ratio of 2.4 from crude polysaccharides. During late galactomannan deposition, it was substituted to a lower extent and this ratio increased rapidly, reaching a M/G ratio of 3.1. Average mol. weight (Mw) of the extracted polysaccharides first increased, reached the maximum (1.19 × 106) at 17 wk after flowering (WAF), and then decreased. These changes might result from primary galactomannan biosynthesis and from galactose removal by α-galactosidase in the endosperm. The solubility of crude polysaccharides decreased with increased M/G ratio and maximum solubility was more than 89% that collected at 13 WAF. Rheol. properties showed that apparent viscosity was largely influenced by the mol. weight and M/G ratio of galactomannans.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Flowering. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wiertel-Pochopien, Agata published the artcileSynergistic Effect of Binary Surfactant Mixtures in Two-Phase and Three-Phase Systems, Application In Synthesis of 111-87-5, the main research area is synergistic effect binary surfactant mixture phase.

Cationic alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (CnTAB, with n = 8, 12, 16, 18) and their mixtures with n-octanol as a nonionic surfactant were chosen as a model system to study the synergistic effect on foamability (two-phase system) and floatability (three-phase system) of quartz in the presence of binary mixtures of ionic/nonionic surfactants. The foam height of one-component solutions and binary mixtures and floatability of quartz particles were characterized as a function of the surfactant concentration and the number of carbons (n) in the alkyl chain of CnTAB. The exptl. results of foamability and floatability measurements in one-component and mixed solutions revealed the synergistic effect, causing a significant enhancement in the foam height and recovery of quartz. In the presence of n-octanol, the height of foam increased remarkably for all CnTAB solutions studied, and this effect, whose magnitude depended on the CnTAB hydrophobic tail length, could not be justified by a simple increase in total surfactant concentration A similar picture was obtained in the case of flotation response. The mechanism of synergistic effect observed in mixed CnTAB/n-octanol solutions was proposed. The discussion was supported by mol. dynamics simulations, and the probable mechanism responsible for synergism was discussed. In addition, an anal. allowing accurate determination of the concentration regimes, where the synergistic effect can be expected, was given. It was shown that for the two-phase system, the n-octanol mol. preadsorption at the liquid/gas interface causes an increase in CnTAB adsorption coverage over the level expected from its equilibrium value in the one-component solution In the case of the three-phase system, the synergistic effect was related to the ionic surfactants serving as an anchor layer for n-octanol, which, in water/n-octanol solution (one-component system), do not adsorb on the surface of quartz.

Journal of Physical Chemistry B published new progress about Flotation. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application In Synthesis of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hobiger, Viola published the artcileEmulsion Templated Porous Poly(thiol-enes): Influence of Photopolymerisation, Emulsion Composition, and Phase Behaviour on the Porous Structure and Morphology, Application of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is polythiolene emulsion composition photopolymerization; bicontinuous structure; high internal phase emulsions; phase inversion; poly(thiol-enes); polyHIPE; thiol-ene polymerisation.

The 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) or divinyl adipate (DVA) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (TT) were polymerized via a thiol-ene radical initiated photopolymerization using emulsions with a high volume fraction of internal droplet phase and monomers in the continuous phase as precursors. The porous structure derived from the high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) followed the precursor emulsion setup resulting in an open porous cellularly structured polymer. Changing the emulsion composition and polymerization conditions influenced the resulting morphol. structure significantly. The investigated factors influencing the polymer monolith morphol. were the emulsion phase ratio and surfactant concentration, leading to either interconnected cellular type morphol., bicontinuous porous morphol. or a hollow sphere inverted structure of the polymerized monoliths. The samples with interconnected cellular morphol. had pore diameters between 4μm and 10μm with approx. 1μm Sized interconnecting channels while samples with bicontinuous morphol. featured approx. 5μm wide pores between the polymer domains. The appropriate choice of emulsion composition enabled the preparation of highly porous poly(thiol-enes) with either polyHIPE or bicontinuous morphol. The porosities of the prepared samples followed the emulsion droplet phase share and could reach up to 88%.

Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Emulsions. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Application of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kachholz, T. published the artcileDegradation of long chain alkanes by bacilli. II. Metabolic pathways, Synthetic Route of 58783-82-7, the main research area is Bacillus alkane metabolism temperature.

Five species of bacilli tested at 30° degraded hydrocarbons by cooxidn. A subterminal degradation pathway in these bacilli was proved by the presence of isomeric esters (like the products of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones), diols, ketols, and diketones. The composition of fatty acids in the lipids of bacilli grown with and without alkane and with position of fatty acids in the lipids of bacilli grown with and without alkane and with labeled n-tridecane suggested a subterminal, partly di-subterminal, pathway. Bacillus stearothermophilus did not grow on alkane as the sole C source even in a thermophilic temperature range; oxidation products were formed in amounts 20-fold less when grown on cooxidn. medium at 50°, compared to product formation on the same medium at 30°.

European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology published new progress about Diketones. 58783-82-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 5-Tridecanol, and the molecular formula is C13H28O, Synthetic Route of 58783-82-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cai, Teddy X. published the artcileA single-shot measurement of time-dependent diffusion over sub-millisecond timescales using static field gradient NMR, Computed Properties of 111-87-5, the main research area is diffusion static field gradient NMR chem shift.

Time-dependent diffusion behavior is probed over sub-millisecond timescales in a single shot using a NMR static gradient time-incremented echo train acquisition (SG-TIETA) framework. The method extends the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill cycle under a static field gradient by discretely incrementing the π-pulse spacings to simultaneously avoid off-resonance effects and probe a range of timescales (50-500μs). Pulse spacings are optimized based on a derived ruleset. The remaining effects of pulse inaccuracy are examined and found to be consistent across pure liquids of different diffusivities: water, decane, and octanol-1. A pulse accuracy correction is developed. Instantaneous diffusivity, Dinst(t), curves (i.e., half of the time derivative of the mean-squared displacement in the gradient direction) are recovered from pulse accuracy-corrected SG-TIETA decays using a model-free log-linear least squares inversion method validated by Monte Carlo simulations. A signal-averaged 1-min experiment is described. A flat Dinst(t) is measured on pure dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, whereas decreasing Dinst(t) is measured on yeast suspensions, consistent with the expected short-time Dinst(t) behavior for confining microstructural barriers on the order of micrometers. (c) 2021 American Institute of Physics.

Journal of Chemical Physics published new progress about Diffusion. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Computed Properties of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hu, Yunfeng published the artcileManipulating the Relative Rates of Reaction and Diffusion in a Holographic Photopolymer Based on Thiol-Ene Chemistry, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is thiol ene reaction rate diffusion holog photopolymer.

Properly balanced reaction and diffusion kinetics are crucial for achieving optimal performance in holog. photopolymers. However, a comprehensive study on the effect of reaction and diffusion on the performance of thiol-ene-based holog. photopolymers has not been performed previously. To determine the relationship between reaction and diffusion, the refractive index modulation (Δn) of holog. gratings recorded in a model thiol-ene photopolymer system was evaluated with controlling the rates of reaction and diffusion processes. By changing the mol. weight of the polymer binder, the diffusion rate was varied over orders of magnitudes with the highest Δn of 0.026 achieved at a mol. weight of 2.9 x 104 Da. Meanwhile, the haze was significantly reduced in binders of higher mol. weight Similarly, as the reaction rate was reduced in accordance with lowering the light intensity, the Δn reached a peak value of 0.023 at 7 mW/cm2 and was found to decrease at both higher (2500 lines/mm) and lower (1000 lines/mm) spatial frequencies. In particular, Δn approaching 0 was observed at a very low intensity (2 mW/cm2) and when the binder with a mol. weight as low as 0.5 x 104 Da was used. An analogous formulation incorporating a secondary thiol, which has slower reaction kinetics and a more stable thiyl radical relative to the primary thiol, exhibited a lower Δn , especially at higher spatial frequencies. Through one-step thiol-Michael addition, the functionality of a tetrathiol monomer was reduced to various extents to obtain a series of thiol-ene photopolymers with precise control over gel point conversions, among which the thiol with an average functionality of 3.5 realized the highest Δn of 0.028. An enhanced reactive binder with norbornene pendant groups was also synthesized, and holog. gratings recorded in it showed notably higher Δn at low light intensities compared to those recorded in non-reactive or less reactive binders.

Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Diffusion. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sanchez M., Jhon F. published the artcileProduction of Pd nanoparticles in microemulsions. Effect of reaction rates on the particle size, Computed Properties of 111-87-5, the main research area is palladium nanoparticle microemulsion reaction rate particle size.

In the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles in microemulsions, we hypothesized that the particle size is controlled by the reaction rate and not by the microemulsion size. Thus, the changes observed in the particle sizes as reaction conditions, such as concentrations, temperatures, the type of surfactant used, etc., are varied which should not be correlated directly to the modification of these conditions but indirectly to the changes they produce in the reaction rates. In this work, the microemulsions were formulated with benzene and water as continuous and dispersed phases, resp., using n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and n-octanol as the surfactant and cosurfactant. Using time-resolved UV-vis spectroscopy, we measured the reaction rates in the production of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles inside the microemulsions at different reactant concentrations and temperatures, keeping all the other parameters constant The measured reaction rates were then correlated with the particle sizes measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that the nanoparticle size increases linearly as the reaction rate increases, independently of the actual reactant concentration or temperature We proposed a simple model for the observed kinetics where the reaction rate is controlled mainly by the diffusion of the reducing agent. With this model, we predicted that the particle size should depend indirectly, via the reaction kinetics, on the micelle radius, the water volume and the total microemulsion volume Some of these predictions were indeed observed and reported in the literature.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Diffusion. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Computed Properties of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts