Month: December 2022

Locci, Emanuela published the artcileMetabolomics improves the histopathological diagnosis of asphyxial deaths: an animal proof-of-concept model, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is metabolome histopathol diagnosis asphyxial death.

The diagnosis of mech. asphyxia remains one of the most difficult issues in forensic pathol. Asphyxia ultimately results in cardiac arrest (CA) and, as there are no specific markers, the differential diagnosis of primitive CA and CA secondary to asphyxiation relies on circumstantial details and on the pathologist experience, lacking objective evidence. Histol. examination is currently considered the gold standard for CA post-mortem diagnosis. Here we present the comparative results of histopathol. vs. those previously obtained by 1H NMR (NMR) metabolomics in a swine model, originally designed for clin. purposes, exposed to two different CA causes, namely ventricular fibrillation and asphyxia. While heart and brain microscopical anal. could identify the damage induced by CA without providing any addnl. information on the CA cause, metabolomics allowed the identification of clearly different profiles between the two groups and showed major differences between asphyxiated animals with good and poor outcomes. Minute-by-minute plasma sampling allowed to associate these modifications to the pre-arrest asphyxial phase showing a clear correlation to the cellular effect of mech. asphyxia reproduced in the experiment The results suggest that metabolomics provides addnl. evidence beyond that obtained by histol. and immunohistochem. in the differential diagnosis of CA.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Asphyxia. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wu, Tongzhi published the artcileEffects of different sweet preloads on incretin hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans, Formula: C12H24O11, the main research area is glucose methylglucose Tagatesse sucralose incretin glycemia gastric emptying.

Background: Macronutrient “”preloads”” can stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), slow gastric emptying, and reduce postprandial glycemic excursions. After sweet preloads, these effects may be signaled by sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), sweet taste receptors, or both. Objective: We determined the effects of 4 sweet preloads on GIP and GLP-1 release, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia. Design: Ten healthy subjects were studied on 4 sep. occasions each. A preload drink containing 40 g glucose, 40 g tagatose/isomalt mixture (TIM), 40 g 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG; a nonmetabolized substrate of SGLT1), or 60 mg sucralose was consumed 15 min before a 13C-octanoic acid-labeled mashed potato meal. Blood glucose, plasma total GLP-1 and GIP, serum insulin, and gastric emptying were determined Results: Both glucose and 3OMG stimulated GLP-1 and GIP release in advance of the meal (each P < 0.05), whereas TIM and sucralose did not. The overall postprandial GLP-1 response was greater after glucose, 3OMG, and TIM than after sucralose (P < 0.05), albeit later after TIM than the other preloads. The blood glucose and insulin responses in the first 30 min after the meal were greatest after glucose (each P < 0.05). Gastric emptying was slower after both 3OMG and TIM than after sucralose (each P < 0.05). Conclusions: In healthy humans, SGLT1 substrates stimulate GLP-1 and GIP and slow gastric emptying, regardless of whether they are metabolized, whereas the artificial sweetener sucralose does not. Poorly absorbed sweet tastants (TIM), which probably expose a greater length of gut to nutrients, result in delayed GLP-1 secretion but not in delayed GIP release. These observations have the potential to optimize the use of preloads for glycemic control. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition published new progress about Appetite. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Formula: C12H24O11.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Corey, Elizabeth A. published the artcileInhibitory signaling in mammalian olfactory transduction potentially mediated by Gαo, Computed Properties of 111-87-5, the main research area is mammalian olfactory receptor neuron inhibition modulation transduction; Combinatorial coding; Inhibition; Modulation; Olfaction; Olfactory receptor neurons.

Olfactory GPCRs in mammalian olfactory receptor neurons mediate excitation through the Gαs family member Gαolf. Here we tentatively associate a second G protein, Gαo, with inhibitory signaling in mammalian olfactory transduction by first showing that odor evoked phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent inhibition of signal transduction is absent in the native ORNs of mice carrying a conditional OMP-Cre based knockout of Gαo. We then identify an OR from native rat ORNs that are activated by octanol through cyclic nucleotide signaling and inhibited by citral in a PI3K-dependent manner. We show that the OR activates cyclic nucleotide signaling and PI3K signaling in a manner that reflects its functionality in native ORNs. Our findings lay the groundwork to explore the interesting possibility that ORs can interact with two different G proteins in a functionally identified, ligand-dependent manner to mediate opponent signaling in mature mammalian ORNs.

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience published new progress about Animalia. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Computed Properties of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hansen, Camilla published the artcileHigh metabolic substrate load induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is mitochondrial dysfunction rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cell; glucose; mitochondria; palmitic acid; reactive oxygen species; respirometry; vascular.

The influence of glucose and palmitic acid (PA) on mitochondrial respiration and emission of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was determined in skeletal muscle-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Measurements were assessed in intact and permeabilized (cells treated with 0.025% saponin) low passage endothelial cells with acute-or prolonged (3 days) incubation with regular (1.7 mM) or elevated (2.2 mM) PA concentrations and regular (5 mM) or elevated (11 mM) glucose concentrations In intact cells, acute incubation with 1.7 mM PA alone or with 1.7 mM PA + 5 mM glucose (p < .001) led to a lower mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.01) and markedly higher H2O2/O2 emission (p < 0.05) than with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with 1.7 mM PA +5 mM glucose led to 34% (p < 0.05) lower respiration and 2.5-fold higher H2O2/O2 emission (p < 0.01) than incubation with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with elevated glucose led to 60% lower (p < 0.05) mitochondrial respiration and 4.6-fold higher H2O2/O2 production than incubation with 5 mM glucose in intact cells (p < 0.001). All effects observed in intact cells were present also in permeabilized cells (State 2). In conclusion, our results show that acute and prolonged lipid availability, as well as prolonged hyperglycemia, induces mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by lower mitochondrial respiration and enhanced H2O2/O2 emission. Elevated plasma substrate availability may lead to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle by impairing endothelial mitochondrial function. Physiological Reports published new progress about Animalia. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mandal, Satadru Sekhar published the artcileNovel solutions for vaccines and diagnostics to combat brucellosis, Product Details of C13H19NO3, the main research area is vaccine Brucella A antigen polysaccharide tetanus toxoid brucellosis; diagnosis brucellosis Brucella synthetic M antigen polysaccharide.

Brucellosis is diagnosed by detection of antibodies in the blood of animals and humans that are specific for two carbohydrate antigens, termed A and M, which are present concurrently in a single cell wall O-polysaccharide. Animal brucellosis vaccines contain these antigenic determinants, and consequently infected and vaccinated animals cannot be differentiated as both groups produce A and M specific antibodies. We hypothesized that chem. synthesis of a pure A vaccine would offer unique identification of infected animals by a synthetic M diagnostic antigen that would not react with antibodies generated by this vaccine. Two forms of the A antigen, a hexasaccharide and a heptasaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid via reducing and nonreducing terminal sugars, were synthesized and used as lead vaccine candidates. Mouse antibody profiles to these immunogens showed that to avoid reaction with diagnostic M antigen it was essential to maximize the induction of anti-A antibodies that bind internal oligosaccharide sequences and minimize production of antibodies directed toward the terminal nonreducing monosaccharide. This objective was achieved by conjugation of Brucella O-polysaccharide to tetanus toxoid via its periodate oxidized terminal nonreducing monosaccharide, thereby destroying terminal epitopes and focusing the antibody response on internal A epitopes. This establishes the method to resolve the decades-long challenge of how to create effective brucellosis vaccines without compromising diagnosis of infected animals.

ACS Central Science published new progress about Animalia. 87905-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate, and the molecular formula is C13H19NO3, Product Details of C13H19NO3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zeng, Xiaotong published the artcileEffects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Ganoderma polysaccharide antioxidant activity primary structure deproteinization method; Antioxidant activities; Deproteinization; Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides; Primary structure.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) as one of water-soluble polysaccharides has attracted much attention because of its bioactivities, especially antioxidant activity. Deproteinization is an essential step in the purification process of polysaccharides. In this study, three classic deproteinization methods, including neutral protease method, TCA precipitation and CaCl2 salting out, were evaluated for crude GLP processing. The methods had ability to remove proteins (71.50-87.36%), and meanwhile polysaccharide loss (8.35-11.39%) was observed Structure anal. indicated that these deproteinization methods had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on mol. weight of polysaccharides, but led to varying degrees of glycoside bond losses (1.14-64.05%). Moreover, the antioxidant activities of deproteinized polysaccharides were measured in vitro by hydroxyl radical, reducing power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power tests. Purified GLP by enzymolysis maintained the strongest antioxidants activities with the retention rate of over 47.40%, and its deproteinization efficiency and polysaccharide loss ratio were 74.03% and 11.39% resp. In view of relatively high purity and antioxidant activity, enzymolysis was a suitable deproteinization method for GLP production

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Angelica. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stojanovic, Goran M. published the artcileRapid selective detection of ascorbic acid using graphene-based microfluidic platform, Application of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is ascorbic acid graphene microfluidic platform selective detection.

In this paper, we present a compact microfluidic platform for selective detection of ascorbic acid. The microfluidic chip was fabricated by xurog. technique with microfluidic channel placed between the silver electrodes. To increase the conductivity of the platform and enhance electron transfer process, a graphene sheet was deposited in the gap between the electrodes. The suspension of tablets with ascorbic acid and a mixture of ascorbic acid and isomalt, a sugar substitute, were injected in the microfluidic channel. Measuring elec. parameters at the silver contacts, it was possible to successfully differentiate ascorbic acid from isomalt. The sensing mechanism of the developed microfluidic platform is based on the increase of the overall conductivity with the increase of the concentration of ascorbic acid, resulting in the decrease of the resistive parameters and increase of the capacitive parameters of the proposed equivalent elec. circuit. The addition of graphene was found to improve the response linearity by 5.28% and lower the limit of detection and quantification by 12%, compared to the reference structure without graphene.

IEEE Sensors Journal published new progress about Analysis. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Application of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Worawit, Chanatda published the artcileCombining graphite with hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction for extraction of polar organic compounds, Quality Control of 111-87-5, the main research area is graphite hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction extraction polar; organic compound water sample analysis; Carbon nanosorbent; Gas chromatography; Graphite; Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction; Nanomaterial; Trihalomethane.

In this study, we have developed a simple and effective hybrid extraction method based on the incorporation of raw carbon nanosorbents and octanol in the pores of a hollow-fiber membrane for improving the extraction efficiency of relatively polar organic compounds Trihalomethanes (THMs) were used as model analytes. Three types of carbon nanosorbents (graphite, graphene, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) were studied. The carbon sorbent incorporating membrane was used in a two-phase mode liquid-phase microextraction, with 1-octanol as the acceptor solution Using a graphite-reinforced hollow-fiber membrane and an extraction time of 10 min, enrichment factors of 40-71 were obtained for trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, bromoform, and chlorodibromomethane. Linear working ranges of 0.2-100μg L-1 and limits of detection ranging from 0.01μg L-1 (for CHCl2Br and CHClBr2) to 0.1μg L-1 (for CHCl3) were achieved. The min. detectable concentrations were far below the maximum concentration levels (60-200μg L-1) set by the WHO for drinking water. The carbon-sorbent-reinforced hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction afforded higher extraction efficiency and shorter extraction time compared with conventional hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction Finally, the method was applied to the anal. of real water samples, such as drinking water, tap water, and swimming pool water samples.

Talanta published new progress about Analysis. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Quality Control of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Xue published the artcilePlasma galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 and loss of kidney function in patients with immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is human plasma galactose IgA vasculitis nephritis kidney function; IgA nephropathy; IgA vasculitis nephritis; galactose-deficient IgA1; kidney disease progression.

IgA (IgA) vasculitis nephritis (IgAV-N) is the most common secondary IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Many studies have demonstrated that galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the IgA1 hinge region is associated with the development and also progression of primary IgAN. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the roles of Gd-IgA1 in kidney disease progression in a large Chinese cohort of IgAV-N patients. This cohort study enrolled 112 patients with IgAVN, 15 patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) without kidney involvement and 108 patients with IgAN. Plasma IgA1 and Gd- IgA1 levels at kidney biopsy were measured by ELISA. The primary endpoint was a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease or death. The levels of Gd-IgA1 in IgAV-N and IgAN patients were higher than in healthy controls (mean±SD, 302.86±54.93 U/mL vs. 303.16±59.43 U/mL vs. 281.30±43.74 U/mL, resp.; P = 0.047), as well as compared with those with IgAV without kidney involvement (272.65±53.14 U/mL; P = 0.036). After adjusting clin. data, higher levels of Gd-IgA1 were found to be independently associated with a greater risk for kidney failure [hazard ratio (HR)=1.703 per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.233-2.352; P = 0.001]. Compared with the first Gd-IgA1 quartile group (as reference), the fourth Gd-IgA1 quartile group retained a predictive value for poor renal outcome (HR = 3.740, 95% CI 1.204-11.619; P = 0.023). These data indicate that Gd-IgA1 levels were similarly elevated in adult patients with IgAN and those with IgAV-N. Moreover, increased Gd-IgA1 levels were associated with both the development and progression of IgAV-N, as observed in IgAN.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation published new progress about Analysis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Safaeian Laein, Sara published the artcileEvaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) pomace powder, Computed Properties of 124-76-5, the main research area is Citrus aurantifolia pomace essential oil antioxidant antibacterial activity.

This study aimed to determine the chem. compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Essential Oil (EO) derived from lime pomace. Gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the major components of the obtained EO. The antioxidant activities of this EO were determined by radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test. For antimicrobial activity, the disk diffusion method was used and the Min. Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and the Min. Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were studied against common foodborne pathogens including; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The result showed that the Gram-pos. bacteria were more susceptible than gram-neg. bacteria. The result shows that lime pomace powder with IC50 83.061 mg/mL has a high antioxidant capacity and also, the chem. anal. of the EO showed that the EO contained a complex mixture of several components and the main constituents were D-limonene (28.86%), a- terpinene (15.65%) and D-terpinene (12.72%) resp.

Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering published new progress about Analysis. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Computed Properties of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts