Month: November 2022

Contribution of headgroup and chain length of glycerophospholipids to thermal stability and permeability of liposomes loaded with calcein was written by Prislan, Iztok;Lokar, Marusa;Zirdum, Martina;Valant, Janez;Poklar Ulrih, Natasa. And the article was included in Chemistry and Physics of Lipids in 2019.Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biol. membranes are complex systems that are composed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. They are difficult to study, so it is established practice to use lipid vesicles that consist of closed ‘shells’ of phospholipid bilayers as model systems to study various functional and structural aspects of lipid organization. To define the effects of the structural properties of lipid vesicles on their phase behavior, we investigated their headgroup and chain length, and the chem. bonds by which their acyl chains are attached to the glycerol moiety of glycerophospholipid species, in terms of phase transition temperature, enthalpy change and calcein permeability. We used differential scanning calorimetry to measure the temperature and enthalpy changes of phase transition, and fluorescence to follow calcein release through the bilayer structure. Our data show that longer acyl chains increase the stability of the lipid bilayers, whereas higher salt concentrations decrease the thermal stability and widen the phase transitions of these lipid bilayers. We discuss the possible reasons for the observed phase transition behavior. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, structure and SOD activity of Mn complexes with symmetric Schiff base ligands derived from pyridoxal was written by Signorella, Sandra;Daier, Veronica;Ledesma, Gabriela;Palopoli, Claudia;Back, Davi Fernando;Lang, Ernesto S.;Kopp, Cristieli Rossini;Ebani, Patricia;Pereira, Mateus Brum;Giacomelli, Cristiano;Piquini, Paulo Cesar. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2015.Synthetic Route of C8H10ClNO3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study describes the synthesis, crystal structure and antioxidant activity of Mn(III) complexes with Schiff-base ligands obtained from condensation of pyridoxal with alkyl diamines: [Mn(pyr₂en)(H₂O)₂]Cl·4H₂O, [Mn(pyr₂en)(H₂O)(MeOH)]Cl, [Mn(pyr₂pn)(H₂O)₂]ClO₄ and [Mn₂(pyr₂bn)₃]·4H₂O, where H₂pyr₂en = 1,2-bis(pyridoxylidenamino)ethane, H₂pyr₂pn = 1,3-bis(pyridoxylidenamino)propane and H₂pyr₂bn = 1,4-bis(pyridoxylidenamino)butane. The four complexes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide efficiently with IC₅₀ values at 1.22-2.15 μM, evaluated through the nitro blue tetrazolium photoreduction inhibition superoxide dismutase assay, in aqueous solution of pH 7.8. The length of the alkyl spacer in the diamine fragment plays a key role in the antioxidant activity of these complexes, with [Mn(pyr₂pn)(H₂O)₂]ClO₄ showing the lowest IC₅₀ value. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Synthetic Route of C8H10ClNO3).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C8H10ClNO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discrimination of genetic and geographical groups of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) based on their polyphenolic profiles was written by Sikuten, Iva;Stambuk, Petra;Tomaz, Ivana;Marchal, Cecile;Kontic, Jasminka Karoglan;Lacombe, Thierry;Maletic, Edi;Preiner, Darko. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2021.Electric Literature of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Relevant aspect of wine geog. origin is related to grapevine varieties used for wine production in specific wine country or region. The grapevine germplasm is highly variable and classified into geog. groups. These classifications were recently confirmed using genetic studies, and further classified varieties into geog.-genetic (GEN-GEO) groups. Polyphenolic compounds are important secondary metabolites in grapes and have an important impact on wine quality and sensory properties. The aim of this research was to investigate the polyphenolic profiles of 50 grape varieties from different GEN-GEO groups. The groups were C2 (varieties from Italy and France), C7 (varieties from Croatia), C8 (varieties from Spain and Portugal). Polyphenolic compounds analyzed belonged to the classes of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, phenolic acids, and stilbenes. The most abundant classes of polyphenols were anthocyanins, followed by flavan-3-ols and flavonols. Using discriminant anal., the genetic-geog. groups were clearly separated based on their polyphenolic profiles, with all classes of compounds contributing to discrimination. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Electric Literature of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Trifunctional Linker for Palmitoylation and Peptide and Protein Localization in Biological Membranes was written by Syga, Lukasz;de Vries, Reinder H.;van Oosterhout, Hugo;Bartelds, Rianne;Boersma, Arnold J.;Roelfes, Gerard;Poolman, Bert. And the article was included in ChemBioChem in 2020.Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Attachment of lipophilic groups is an important post-translational modification of proteins, which involves the coupling of one or more anchors such as fatty acids, isoprenoids, phospholipids, or glycosylphosphatidyl inositols. To study its impact on the membrane partitioning of hydrophobic peptides or proteins, we designed a tyrosine-based trifunctional linker. The linker allows the facile incorporation of two different functionalities at a cysteine residue in a single step. We determined the effect of the lipid modification on the membrane partitioning of the synthetic a-helical model peptide WALP with or without here and in all cases below; palmitoyl groups in giant unilamellar vesicles that contain a liquid-ordered (L_o) and liquid-disordered (L_d) phase. Introduction of two palmitoyl groups did not alter the localization of the membrane peptides, nor did the membrane thickness or lipid composition In all cases, the peptide was retained in the L_d phase. These data demonstrate that the L_o domain in model membranes is highly unfavorable for a single membrane-spanning peptide. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

High-throughput identification of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in archaeological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with advanced chemometrics methodology was written by Song, Jing-Jing;Wang, Xuan;Wang, Yang-Yang;Zhang, Yu-Ying;Yu, Yong-Jie. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Identification of compounds in food residues from archaeol. samples is important to determine their origin. However, high-throughput and accurate identification of compounds in archaeol. samples is challenging. In this work, we propose the use of gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with the recently developed chemometric tool autoGCMSDataAnal to identify compounds in archaeol. samples. Samples excavated from a tomb of the Xihan dynasty about 2000 BP were used to demonstrate the performance of our proposed methodol. Under the optimized GC-MS instrumental conditions, more than 300 total ion chromatogram peaks were automatically extracted for each sample. Coeluted components were automatically resolved and registered to construct resp. mass spectra, based on which compounds were accurately identified. Finally, more than 70 compounds were identified, among which more than 57% were confirmed by standards A comparison with the automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system indicates that the combination of GC-MS with autoGCMSDataAnal is suitable for compound identification in archaeol. samples. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification and Characterization of a New Type of Holin-Endolysin Lysis Cassette in Acidovorax oryzae Phage AP1 was written by Zhang, Muchen;Wang, Yanli;Chen, Jie;Hong, Xianxian;Xu, Xinyan;Wu, Zhifeng;Ahmed, Temoor;Loh, Belinda;Leptihn, Sebastian;Hassan, Sabry;Hassan, Mohamed M.;Sun, Guochang;Li, Bin. And the article was included in Viruses in 2022.Related Products of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Phages utilize lysis systems to allow the release of newly assembled viral particles that kill the bacterial host. This is also the case for phage AP1, which infects the rice pathogen Acidovorax oryzae. However, how lysis occurs on a mol. level is currently unknown. We performed in silico bioinformatics analyses, which indicated that the lysis cassette contains a holin (HolAP) and endolysin (LysAP), which are encoded by two adjacent genes. Recombinant expression of LysAP caused Escherichia coli lysis, while HolAP arrested growth. Co-expression of both proteins resulted in enhanced lysis activity compared to the individual proteins alone. Interestingly, LysAP contains a C-terminal region transmembrane domain, which is different from most known endolysins where a N-terminal hydrophobic region is found, with the potential to insert into the membrane. We show that the C-terminal transmembrane domain is crucial for protein localization and bacterial lysis in phage AP1. Our study characterizes the new phage lysis cassette and the mechanism to induce cell disruption, giving new insight in the understanding of phage life cycles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Related Products of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Phenolic compounds, bioactivity, and bioaccessibility of ethanol extracts from passion fruit peel based on simulated gastrointestinal digestion was written by Cao, Qiqi;Teng, Jianwen;Wei, Baoyao;Huang, Li;Xia, Ning. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.Safety of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Passion fruit peel, a potential source of bioactive compounds, has been used as food stabilizing agent. However, the phenolic composition and bioactivity of passion fruit peel have rarely been reported. The effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the bioactive components, bioactivity and bioaccessibility of passion fruit peel ethanol extracts (PFPE) were investigated using high performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry anal. (quasi-targeted metabolomics). Phenols (1 7 8) were identified, of which 25 inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity. The stabilities of PFPE phenols were significantly affected by pH changes and digestive enzymes during simulated digestion. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power were decreased by 32% and 30%, resp., while 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) free radical scavenging capacity increased by 17%. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition decreased with decreased PFPE phenolic content. Therefore, passion fruit peel could be considered a source of natural antioxidants and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Safety of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Next-generation biomonitoring of the early-life chemical exposome in neonatal and infant development was written by Jamnik, Thomas;Flasch, Mira;Braun, Dominik;Fareed, Yasmin;Wasinger, Daniel;Seki, David;Berry, David;Berger, Angelika;Wisgrill, Lukas;Warth, Benedikt. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Related Products of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Exposure to synthetic and natural chems. is a major environmental risk factor in the etiol. of many chronic diseases. Investigating complex co-exposures is necessary for a holistic assessment in exposome-wide association studies. In this work, a sensitive liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry approach was developed and validated. The assay enables the anal. of more than 80 highly-diverse xenobiotics in urine, serum/plasma, and breast milk; with detection limits generally in the pg-ng mL-1 range. In plasma of extremely-premature infants, 27 xenobiotics are identified; including contamination with plasticizers, perfluorinated alkylated substances and parabens. In breast milk samples collected longitudinally over the first 211 days post-partum, 29 analytes are detected, including pyrrolizidine- and tropane alkaloids which have not been identified in this matrix before. A preliminary estimation of daily toxicant intake via breast milk is conducted. In conclusion, we observe significant early-life co-exposure to multiple toxicants, and demonstrate the method′s applicability for large-scale exposomics-type cohort studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Related Products of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Equilibrium behavior of boric acid extracted by aliphatic 1,3-diols was written by Xiong, Yan;Bao, Zongbi;Xing, Huabin;Su, Baogen;Yang, Yiwen;Ren, Qilong. And the article was included in Huagong Xuebao (Chinese Edition) in 2012.SDS of cas: 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Solvent extraction based on aliphatic 1,3-diols is a promising technique for the recovery of boric acid from salt lake brine. In this work, two diols, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD) and 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (BEPD) were selected as extractants and toluene was used as diluents. The effects of extractant concentration, pH of brine, initial boric acid concentration, magnesium chloride concentration, and temperature on the distribution coefficients of boric acid were systematically investigated. Distribution coefficients of boric acid up to 9.43 and 8.25 were obtained from the boric acid aqueous solutions with the initial concentration of 0.0185 mol·L^-1 when using toluene containing 0.4 mol·L^-1 EHD and BEPD, resp., as organic phases at 303.15 K. Higher extractant concentration or lower pH is favorable to the extraction However, the distribution coefficients decrease gradually with the increase of boric acid concentration and temperature The extraction of boric acid with aliphatic 1,3-diols is an exothermic process. The salting-out effect of magnesium chloride enhances the extraction performance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4SDS of cas: 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Microwave-Assisted Ultrafast RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization of Biobased Terpenoid Acrylates was written by Castagnet, Thibault;Ballard, Nicholas;Billon, Laurent;Asua, Jose M.. And the article was included in Biomacromolecules in 2020.Formula: C10H22O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

There is a growing preference to move away from traditional petrochem.-based polymers toward biobased alternatives. Here, we report the microwave-assisted RAFT polymerization of several terpenoid acrylates (tetrahydrogeraniol, cyclademol, nopol, and citronellol). These biobased monomers give polymers with a broad range of glass transition temperatures and are excellent candidates to substitute oil-based (meth)acrylates in applications such as coatings and adhesives. First, the process was studied in miniemulsion, finding that all terpenoid acrylates showed a substantial increase in both polymerization rate and reaction control when microwave irradiation was applied. These observations were attributed to nonthermal microwave effects, namely, to changes in the kinetic coefficients under irradiation The reactions were also carried out in solution, where an amplified nonthermal microwave effect was observed The results indicate that nonthermal microwave effects allow RAFT polymerization of these terpenoid acrylates to proceed with both improved control and at higher polymerization rates compared to using conventional heating. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Formula: C10H22O).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C10H22O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts