Month: November 2022

PDGFRβ recognizes and binds bacteria to activate Src/Stat pathway in oysters was written by Sun, Jiejie;Wu, Zhaojun;Wu, Wei;Leng, Jinyuan;Lv, Xiaoqian;Zhang, Tong;Wang, Lingling;Song, Linsheng. And the article was included in Journal of Immunology in 2021.Formula: C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Stat signaling pathway plays important roles in mediating the secretions of a large number of cytokines and growth factors in vertebrates, which is generally triggered by the growth factor receptor, cytokine receptor, G protein coupled receptor, and receptor protein tyrosine kinase. In the current study, a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (defined as CgPDGFRβ) was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, with a signal peptide, three Ig domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase domain. The two N-terminal Ig domains of CgPDGFRβ showed relatively higher binding activity to Gram-neg. bacteria and LPS compared with Gram-pos. bacteria and peptidoglycan. Upon binding bacteria, CgPDGFRβ in hemocytes formed a dimer and interacted with protein tyrosine kinase CgSrc to induce the phosphorylation of CgSrc at Tyr416. The activated CgSrc interacted with CgStat to induce the translocation of CgStat into the nucleus of hemocytes, which then promoted the expressions of Big defensin 1 (CgBigdef1), IL17-4 (CgIL17-4), and TNF (CgTNF1). These findings together demonstrated that the Src/Stat signaling was activated after the binding of CgPDGFRβ with bacteria to induce the expressions of CgBigdef1, CgIL17-4, and CgTNF1. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Formula: C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Corrosion performance of polyurethane hybrid coatings with encapsulated inhibitor was written by Alrashed, Maher M.;Jana, Sadhan;Soucek, Mark D.. And the article was included in Progress in Organic Coatings in 2019.Electric Literature of C9H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Direct incorporation of inhibitor mols. in hybrid coatings results in premature deterioration of coatings performance. The inhibitor mols. interfere with curing of the organic coating and cause delamination due to fast leaching. This challenge is overcome in this work by encapsulating an effective organic inhibitor, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), in polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles produced via nanopptn. method for corrosion protection of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. The nanoparticles are designed as function of polylactic acid concentration, solvent/antisolvent volume ratio, and the PLA/MBT mass ratio. Nanoparticle size distribution, inhibitor loading percentage, and encapsulation efficiency are studied. The PLA nanoparticles with encapsulated MBT are incorporated in a polyurethane/polysiloxane hybrid coating and its properties are evaluated using impact resistance, pull-off strength, cross-hatch adhesion, pencil and pendulum hardness, and solvent resistance. The corrosion performance of the hybrid coatings is investigated by electrochem. impedance spectroscope (EIS) and potentiostatic polarization. The polyurethane/polysiloxane hybrid coating shows a 200-fold increase in corrosion induction time due to incorporation of MBT-impregnated PLA nanoparticles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Electric Literature of C9H20O2).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C9H20O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Production and Characterization of Odorless Antioxidative Hydrolyzed Collagen from Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Skin Without Descaling was written by Benjakul, Soottawat;Karnjanapratum, Supatra;Visessanguan, Wonnop. And the article was included in Waste and Biomass Valorization in 2018.Recommanded Product: 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Odorless hydrolyzed collagen (HC) powder from fish skin with antioxidative activity has gained increasing demand. This investigation aimed to compare the impacts of different hydrolysis processes of seabass skin without descaling as well as spray-drying conditions on characteristics and antioxidative activities of resulting HC. For one-step hydrolysis, 3% papain at 40 °C for 3 h (P) or 2% alcalase at 50 °C for 2 h (A) were used. Two-step hydrolysis, conducted as stepwise process using the combination of both processes, included P + A and A + P. P + A process rendered the HC with higher yield, hydroxyproline recovery, α-amino group content and antioxidative activities, compared to one-step process and A + P process (P < 0.05). HC powder obtained from spray-drying with inlet temperature of 200 °C showed the lower abundance of odorous compounds, compared with that using 150 °C. Nevertheless, no differences in antioxidative activity were obtained between both HCs (P > 0.05). The odorless antioxidative HC powder possessed high pH and thermal stability. Therefore, the combination of appropriate processes including hydrolysis and drying could yield the odorless antioxidative HC powder, which could widen the applications in food or pharmaceutical products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Recommanded Product: 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shape memory polymer foams synthesized using glycerol and hexanetriol for enhanced degradation resistance was written by Hasan, Sayyeda Marziya;Fletcher, Grace K.;Monroe, Mary Beth Browning;Wierzbicki, Mark A.;Nash, Landon D.;Maitland, Duncan J.. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2020.SDS of cas: 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Shape memory polymer foams have been used in a wide range of medical applications, including, but not limited to, vessel occlusion and aneurysm treatment. This unique polymer system has been proven to shape-fill a void, which makes it useful for occlusion applications. While the shape memory polymer foam has superior performance and healing outcomes compared to its leading competitors, some device applications may benefit from longer material degradation times, or degradation-resistant formulations with increased fibrous encapsulation. In this study, biostable shape memory polymer foams were synthesized, and their phys. and chem. properties were characterized as an initial evaluation of feasibility for vascular occlusion applications. After characterizing their shape memory behavior in an aqueous environment, degradation of this polymer system was studied in vitro using accelerated oxidative and hydrolytic solutions Results indicated that the foams did not lose mass under oxidative or hydrolytic conditions, and they maintained high shape recovery in aqueous in vitro models. These degradation-resistant systems have potential for use in vascular occlusion and other wound healing applications that benefit from permanent, space-filling shape memory behavior. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4SDS of cas: 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

HS-SPME-GC-MS characterization of volatile chemicals released from microwaving and conventional processing methods of fenugreek seeds and flours was written by Rajhi, Imene;Baccouri, Bechir;Rajhi, Fatma;Hammami, Jamila;Souibgui, Monia;Mhadhbi, Haythem;Flamini, Guido. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Electric Literature of C10H22O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study was to evaluate the effects of microwave and conventional processing methods on the aroma profiles of fenugreek seeds and flours. The volatiles of raw, sprouted, boiled, roasted, and micro-waved fenugreek grains were evaluated using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 51 and 60 volatiles were detected in the emission bouquets of raw and processed seeds and flours, resp. Volatiles were divided into seven chem. classes, including monoterpenes hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, phenylpropanoids, non-terpenes derivatives, apocarotenes, nitrogen/sulfur derivative and oxygenated monoterpenes. The data showed that volatiles were significantly affected by the type of processing. All treatments increase the amounts of volatiles including aldehydes, alcs., esters, and alkanes except for the microwave heating. Indeed, the dominant volatiles in microwaved fenugreek were pyrazines, with chocolate aroma like flavor. The microwave heating is based on an energy-efficient and water-saving technol.; it is an interesting and more sustainable technique to be employed in the legume processing. The findings of this study demonstrate that microwave technol. has potential for fenugreek processing. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Electric Literature of C10H22O).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C10H22O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Direct capture and selective elution of a secreted polyglutamate-tagged nanobody using bare magnetic nanoparticles was written by Zanker, Alexander A.;Stargardt, Patrick;Kurzbach, Sophie C.;Turrina, Chiara;Mairhofer, Juergen;Schwaminger, Sebastian P.;Berensmeier, Sonja. And the article was included in Biotechnology Journal in 2022.Related Products of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The secretion and direct capture of proteins from the extracellular medium is a promising approach for purification, thus enabling integrated bioprocesses. We demonstrate the secretion of a nanobody (VHH) to the extracellular medium (EM) and its direct capture by bare, non-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). An ompA signal peptide for periplasmic localization, a polyglutamate-tag (E8) for selective MNP binding, and a factor Xa protease cleavage site were fused N-terminally to the nanobody. The extracellular production of the E8-VHH (36 mg L-1) was enabled using a growth-decoupled Escherichia coli-based expression system. The direct binding of E8-VHH to the bare magnetic nanoparticles was possible and could be drastically improved up to a yield of 88% by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). The selectivity of the polyglutamate-tag enabled a selective elution of the E8-VHH from the bare MNPs while raising the concentration factor (5x) and purification factor (4x) significantly. Our studies clearly show that the unique combination of a growth-decoupled E. coli secretion system, the polyglutamate affinity tag, non-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, and affinity magnetic precipitation is an innovative and novel way to capture and concentrate nanobodies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Related Products of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xylooligosaccharide Production from Sugarcane Bagasse using Recombinant Endoxylanase of Bacillus Halodurans was written by Tseng, Ying-Hsuan;Lee, Wen-Chien;Krisomdee, Kridsana;Natesuntorn, Waranya;Chatsurachai, Sunisa;Sriroth, Klanarong. And the article was included in Sugar Tech in 2022.Product Details of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) can be manufactured from sugarcane bagasse as a value-added product in the sugar industry. To produce XOS, xylan was extracted from sugarcane bagasse by using sodium hydroxide, precipitated in ethanol, and subjected to enzymic hydrolysis by using endoxylanase to form xylooligomers. We constructed a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli harbouring the recombinant plasmid containing a gene encoding endoxylanase modified from GH10 xylanase of alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans BCRC 910,501. Results from the flask culture showed that in terms of activity, 80.43 ± 6.36% of recombinant proteins were secreted to the medium under the induction of 0.1 mM iso-Pr β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 18 h at 30°C. The activity concentration in the medium was 20.04 ± 4.11 U/mL. When this strain was fed-batch cultivated to high cell d. in a bench-top fermenter, 89.13 ± 0.66% of the recombinant enzymes were found in the medium, and the active protein concentration was 45.9 ± 7.32 U/mL. Thus, the recombinant E. coli has the potential for large-scale production of endoxylanase. A 24-h enzyme reaction yielded 44.91% (weight/weight) of XOS from xylan. Among the total soluble oligomers in the product, 40.6% (weight/weight) were xylobiose and xylotriose. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Product Details of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of soil salinity on nutritional compositions of fresh Jak (Nypa fruticans) sap was written by Saelee, Nisa. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Product Details of 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The nutritional compositions of fresh Jak (Nypa fruticans) sap grown in mangrove environments with varying soil salinities were examined between sap from non saline (ECe < 2 dS/m), moderately saline (ECe = 4-8 dS/m), and saline soil (ECe = 8-16 dS/m). In saline sites, sap significantly (p < 0.05) increased in total soluble solids and sugar concentration The total amino acid in the saline site was higher than in the other sites. The fresh Jak sap was rich in functional nutrients such as sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, starchyose, galactose, arabinose, maltose), organic acids (niacin, succinic, tartaric, malic, citric, lactic, acetic acids), minerals (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, B), essential amino acids (arginine, lysine, valine, histidine, threonine), seven non-essential amino acids (i.e. glutamic acid) and vitamins (B1, B3, B6, B12, E). Furthermore, potassium was significantly increased in salinity soil, and the decrease in potassium was associated with the increase in sodium. Fresh Jak sap from all salinity soils was shown to be an excellent source of several nutritional elements in this investigation. However, it appeared that Jak sap from the non saline site would be the best choice for use in the development of healthy food products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Product Details of 65-22-5).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 65-22-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pseudomonas putida Biofilm Depends on the vWFa-Domain of LapA in Peptides-Containing Growth Medium was written by Puhm, Marge;Hendrikson, Johanna;Kivisaar, Maia;Teras, Riho. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The biofilm of Pseudomonas putida is complexly regulated by several intercellular and extracellular factors. The cell surface adhesin LapA of this bacterium is a central factor for the biofilm and, consequently, the regulation of lapA expression, for example, by Fis. It has been recently shown that peptides in growth media enhance the formation of P. putida biofilm, but not as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, the peptide-dependent biofilm appeared especially clearly in the fis-overexpression strain, which also has increased LapA. Therefore, we investigate here whether there is a relationship between LapA and peptide-dependent biofilm. The P. putida strains with inducible lapA expression and LapA without the vWFa domain, which is described as a domain similar to von Willebrand factor domain A, were constructed. Thereafter, the biofilm of these strains was assessed in growth media containing extracellular peptides in the shape of tryptone and without it. We show that the vWFa domain in LapA is necessary for biofilm enhancement by the extracellular peptides in the growth medium. The importance of vWFa in LapA was particularly evident for the fis-overexpression strain F15. The absence of the vWFa domain diminished the pos. effect of Fis on the F15 biofilm. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of Side-Chain Length on the Self-Assembly of Linear-Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers was written by Liberman, Lucy;Coughlin, McKenzie L.;Weigand, Steven;Edmund, Jerrick;Bates, Frank S.;Lodge, Timothy P.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diblock polymers are known to self-assemble into a variety of structures, and the effects of block mol. weights and volume fractions, along with the interactions between chem. different blocks, have been extensively studied. However, the consequences of mol. architectural differences between the blocks on phase behavior, particularly self-assembly into network morphologies, are less well explored. In this work, 223 linear-bottlebrush diblock polymers were synthesized using grafting-through living ring-opening metathesis polymerization The linear block was poly(norbornene exo,exo-dimethyl ester), while five different bottlebrush blocks were used in order of increasing side-chain length: poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-isoamyl ester), poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-3,7-dimethyloctyl ester), poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-hexahydrofarnesyl ester), poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-dihydrophytyl ester), and poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-perhydrosolanesyl ester). Diblock polymer compositions ranged from approx. 30 to 70% by volume of the linear block, with total backbone ds.p. ranging from 30 to 140, and side chains containing 5-45 carbon atoms. Phase behavior was studied in the vicinity of the double gyroid network window using a combination of small-, mid-, and wide-angle X-ray scattering. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts