Month: November 2022

On November 30, 2022, Sun, Xiaowei; Dey, Priyankar; Bruno, Richard S.; Zhu, Jiangjiang published an article.Product Details of 621-37-4 The title of the article was EGCG and catechin relative to green tea extract differentially modulate the gut microbial metabolome and liver metabolome to prevent obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. And the article contained the following:

Green tea extract (GTE) alleviates obesity, in part, by modulating gut microbial composition and metabolism However, direct evidence regarding the catechin-specific bioactivities that are responsible for these benefits remain unclear. The present study therefore investigated dietary supplementation of GTE, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or (+)-catechin (CAT) in male C57BL6/J mice that were fed a high-fat (HF) diet to establish the independent contributions of EGCG and CAT relative to GTE to restore microbial and host metabolism We hypothesized that EGCG would regulate the gut microbial metabolome and host liver metabolome more similar to GTE than CAT to explain their previously observed differential effects on cardiometabolic health. To test this, we assessed metabolic and phenolic shifts in liver and fecal samples during dietary HF-induced obesity. Ten fecal metabolites and ten liver metabolites (VIP > 2) primarily contributed to the differences in the metabolome among different interventions. In fecal samples, nine metabolic pathways (e.g., tricarboxcylic acid cycle and tyrosine metabolism) were differentially altered between the GTE and CAT interventions, whereas three pathways differed between GTE and EGCG interventions, suggesting differential benefits of GTE and its distinctive bioactive components on gut microbial metabolism Likewise, hepatic glycolysis / gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways were significantly altered between GTE and EGCG interventions, while only hepatic tyrosine metabolism was altered between CAT and GTE interventions. Thus, our findings support that purified catechins relative to GTE uniquely contribute to regulating host and microbial metabolic pathways such as central energy metabolism to protect against metabolic dysfunction leading to obesity. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Product Details of 621-37-4

The Article related to epigallocatechin gallate catechin green tea extract liver microbial metabolome, cat, egcg, gte intervention, metabolic regulation, metabolomics, obesity, Animal Nutrition: Nonnutrient Growth and Metabolic Stimulants and other aspects.Product Details of 621-37-4

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On December 31, 2021, He, Zhen; Wu, Jinjie; Gong, Junli; Ke, Jia; Ding, Tao; Zhao, Wenjing; Cheng, Wai Ming; Luo, Zhanhao; He, Qilang; Zeng, Wanyi; Yu, Jing; Jiao, Na; Liu, Yanmin; Zheng, Bin; Dai, Lei; Zhi, Min; Wu, Xiaojian; Jobin, Christian; Lan, Ping published an article.HPLC of Formula: 621-37-4 The title of the article was Microbiota in mesenteric adipose tissue from Crohns disease promote colitis in mice. And the article contained the following:

Mesenteric adipose tissue (mAT) hyperplasia, known as creeping fat is a pathol. characteristic of Crohns disease (CD). The reserve of creeping fat in surgery is associated with poor prognosis of CD patients, but the mechanism remains unknown. Mesenteric microbiome, metabolome, and host transcriptome were characterized using a cohort of 48 patients with CD and 16 non-CD controls. Multidimensional data including 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S rRNA), host RNA sequencing, and metabolome were integrated to reveal network interaction. Mesenteric resident bacteria were isolated from mAT and functionally investigated both in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model and in the Il10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) mouse colitis model to validate their pro-inflammatory roles. Mesenteric microbiota contributed to aberrant metabolites production and transcripts in mATs from patients with CD. The presence of mAT resident microbiota was associated with the development of CD. Achromobacter pulmonis (A. pulmonis) isolated from CD mAT could translocate to mAT and exacerbate both DSS-induced and Il10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) spontaneous colitis in mice. The levels of A. pulmonis in both mAT and mucous layer from CD patients were higher compared to those from the non-CD group. This study suggests that the mesenteric microbiota from patients with CD sculpt a detrimental microenvironment and promote intestinal inflammation. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).HPLC of Formula: 621-37-4

The Article related to microbiota mesenteric adipose tissue crohns disease promote colitis mice, bacterial translocation, crohn’s disease, mesenteric adipose tissue, microbiota, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Digestive Tract Diseases and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 621-37-4

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On July 19, 2022, Feng, Haichao; Lv, Yu; Krell, Tino; Fu, Ruixin; Liu, Yunpeng; Xu, Zhihui; Du, Wenbin; Shen, Qirong; Zhang, Nan; Zhang, Ruifu published an article.Computed Properties of 473-81-4 The title of the article was Signal binding at both modules of its dCache domain enables the McpA chemoreceptor of Bacillus velezensis to sense different ligands. And the article contained the following:

Bacteria have evolved multiple signal transduction systems that permit an adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Chemoreceptor-based signaling cascades are very abundant in bacteria and are among the most complex signaling systems. Currently, our knowledge on the mol. features that determine signal recognition at chemoreceptors is limited. Chemoreceptor McpA of Bacillus velezensis SQR9 has been shown to mediate chemotaxis to a broad range of different ligands. Here we show that its ligand binding domain binds directly 13 chemoattractants. We provide support that organic acids and amino acids bind to the membrane-distal and membrane-proximal module of the dCache domain, resp., whereas binding of sugars/sugar alcs. occurred at both modules. Structural biol. studies combined with site-directed mutagenesis experiments have permitted to identify 10 amino acid residues that play key roles in the recognition of multiple ligands. Residues in membrane-distal and membrane-proximal regions were central for sensing organic acids and amimo acids, resp., whereas all residues participated in sugars/sugar alc. sensing. Most characterized chemoreceptors possess a narrow and well-defined ligand spectrum. We propose here a sensing mechanism involving both dCache modules that allows the integration of very diverse signals by a single chemoreceptor. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Computed Properties of 473-81-4

The Article related to bacillus mcpa chemoreceptor dcache domain signal ligand binding chemoattractant, chemoreceptor, chemotaxis, dcache sensor domain, ligand recognition, signal transduction, Microbial, Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and other aspects.Computed Properties of 473-81-4

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On December 31, 2020, Fagbohun, Oladapo F.; Oriyomi, Olumayowa V.; Adekola, Mukaila B.; Msagati, Titus A. M. published an article.Computed Properties of 96-76-4 The title of the article was Biochemical applications of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts in diabetes mellitus. And the article contained the following:

Abstract: The use of Kigelia africana plant is beneficial in many medicinal applications. This study investigated the chem. compounds as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of KA fruits in vitro and in vivo. From the result of GC-qTOF-MS, phenol-2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, benzene propanoic acid-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxymethylester, naphthalene-2-methyl-, and oxalic acid-4-chlorophenyl nonyl-ester were newly identified and revealed a strong binding affinity of – 6.1, – 6.3, – 6.8, and – 6.2 kcal/mol resp. The hexane and Et acetate fractions had the highest antioxidant activities with 0.14 and 0.025 mg/mL for DPPH; 91.31 and 99.20 mg AAE/g for FRAP; and 80.61 and 98.88 mg AAE/g for TPC, resp. Hexane fraction (HF) had the lowest IC50 value (1.97 mg/mL) against α-amylase. At low and middle doses, HF showed significant ameliorative activities by restoring islet cells, increasing the number of β cells, and reducing fasting blood glucose levels. Significant differences were observed in the activities of GGT and G-6-PDH. KA fruit exhibited high antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities in STZ-induced diabetic rats. According to mol. docking study, the use of the base structure of 2,4-ditert-butylphenol identified from K. africana fruit may serve as the novel approach to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Graphical abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext]. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol(cas: 96-76-4).Computed Properties of 96-76-4

The Article related to kigelia fruit extract diabetes mellitus, Food and Feed Chemistry: Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Nuts and other aspects.Computed Properties of 96-76-4

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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On September 25, 2007, Jasinski, Marcin; Mloston, Grzegorz; Mucha, Paulina; Linden, Anthony; Heimgartner, Heinz published an article.Electric Literature of 4719-04-4 The title of the article was Synthesis of new bis-imidazole derivatives. And the article contained the following:

The reaction of aldimines with α-(hydroxyimino) ketones (1,2-diketone monooximes) was used to prepare 2-unsubstituted imidazole 3-oxides bearing an alkanol chain at N(1). These products were transformed into 2H-imidazol-2-ones and 2H-imidazole-2-thiones by treatment with Ac2O and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dithione, resp. The three-component reaction of the α-(hydroxyimino) ketones, formaldehyde, and an alkane-1,ω-diamine gave bis[1H-imidazole 3-oxides]. The latter reacted with Ac2O, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dithione or Raney-Ni to give bis[2H-imidazol-2-ones], bis[2H-imidazol-2-thione], and bis[imidazole] derivatives Two structures were established by X-ray crystallog. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,2′,2”-(1,3,5-Triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol(cas: 4719-04-4).Electric Literature of 4719-04-4

The Article related to bisimidazole preparation aldimine dione monoxime, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Imidazoles and other aspects.Electric Literature of 4719-04-4

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Chen, Erbao; Song, Huanlu; Li, Yi; Chen, Haijun; Wang, Bao; Che, Xianing; Zhang, Yu; Zhao, Shuna published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Analysis of aroma components from sugarcane to non-centrifugal cane sugar using GC-O-MS.COA of Formula: C14H22O And the article contains the following content:

A total of 84 volatile aroma components were determined in the 9 samples of sugarcane to non-centrifugal sugar (NCS), including 15 alcs., 12 aldehydes, 10 ketones, 17 carboxylic acids, 11 pyrazines, 7 phenols, 3 esters, 3 hydrocarbons, and 2 sulfur compounds Of these compounds, 10 were with high flavor dilution (FD) factors based on the aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA). 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone exhibited the highest FD factor of 2187, followed by (E)-2-nonenal, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one, and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol with a FD factor of 729. The odor compounds showed no significant change and were similar to that of sugarcane during the first four steps in the production of non-centrifugal cane sugar. In the middle three stages, the heating slightly affected the aroma composition Addnl., a prolonged period of high-temperature heating, lead to the production of the Maillard reaction products, such as pyrazines, pyrroles, and furans, differentiating the step to be unique from the previous seven stages. However, the content of the NCS odorants was significantly reduced due to the loss of odor compounds during the drying process. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol(cas: 96-76-4).COA of Formula: C14H22O

The Article related to aroma component sugarcane non centrifugal cane sugar, Food and Feed Chemistry: Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Nuts and other aspects.COA of Formula: C14H22O

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Bialik, Michal; Wiktor, Artur; Witrowa-Rajchert, Dorota; Gondek, Ewa published an article in 2020, the title of the article was The Influence of Osmotic Dehydration Conditions on Drying Kinetics and Total Carotenoid Content of Kiwiberry (Actinidia Arguta).Quality Control of SweetPearlR P300 DC Maltitol And the article contains the following content:

Kiwiberries (Actinidia arguta var. Geneva) were osmotically dehydrated in sucrose, xylitol and maltitol 60% water solutions at 30 and 50°C. After pre-treatment, the samples were dried using convective method at 70°C until fruits have reached a dimensionless moisture ratio (MR) of 0.02. Osmotic pre-treatment significantly improved drying kinetics during the first stage of the process. All the pre-treated samples reached water activity level (aw) less than 0.6 after 7 h of drying. When maltitol or xylitol was used as an osmotic agent at 30°C, the time required for drying was reduced by 23 and 32%, resp. In turn, dehydration performed at 50°C had no pos. effect on the drying kinetics. The shortest drying time was obtained for the samples dehydrated in xylitol at 30°C. In the case of these samples target MR was reached after 542 min whereas in the case of untreated samples drying lasted 810 min. The highest retention of carotenoid was observed for the samples osmotically pre-treated in maltitol solution at 30°C and sucrose solution at 50°C. The experimental process involved the reaction of SweetPearlR P300 DC Maltitol(cas: 585-88-6).Quality Control of SweetPearlR P300 DC Maltitol

The Article related to osmotic dehydration drying kinetics carotenoid actinidia, Food and Feed Chemistry: Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Nuts and other aspects.Quality Control of SweetPearlR P300 DC Maltitol

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Beyoglu, Diren; Park, Eun-Jung; Quinones-Lombrana, Adolfo; Dave, Asim; Parande, Falguni; Pezzuto, John M.; Idle, Jeffrey R. published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Addition of grapes to both a standard and a high-fat Western pattern diet modifies hepatic and urinary metabolite profiles in the mouse.Reference of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid And the article contains the following content:

The benefits of fruit and vegetable dietary consumption are largely defined in epidemiol. terms. Relatively little is known about the discrete effects on metabolic pathways elicited by individual dietary fruits and vegetables. To address this, grape powder was added to both a standard and a high-fat Western pattern diet given to 10-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice for a period of 91 days, whereupon 24 h urines were collected and the mice euthanized after a 12 h fast for the collection of liver tissue. Alterations in hepatic and urinary metabolite patterns were determined by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Urinary excretion of the gut microbiota metabolites 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxyindole, glyceric acid, gluconic acid and myo-inositol was attenuated when grape was added to the standard diet but the gut microbiota metabolites gluconic acid, scyllo-inositol, mannitol, xylitol, 5-hydroxyindole and 2-deoxyribonic acid were increased in urine when grape was added to the high-fat diet. Increased hepatic ascorbic acid and 5-oxoproline levels indicated the anti-oxidant effect of grape powder on the liver. Pathway enrichment anal. demonstrated that for both standard and high-fat diets, grape addition significantly upregulated the malate-aspartate shuttle indicating enhanced hepatic utilization of glucose via cytosolic glycolysis for mitochondrial ATP production It is concluded that a grape diet reprogrammes gut microbiota metabolism, attenuates the hepatic oxidative stress of a high-fat diet and increases the efficiency of glucose utilization by the liver for energy production The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Reference of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid

The Article related to glyceric acid myoinositol liver urine grape high fat diet, Food and Feed Chemistry: Fruits, Vegetables, Legumes, and Nuts and other aspects.Reference of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid

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On December 8, 2011, Barnes, Michael Christopher Stratton; Flack, Stephen Sean; Fraser, Ian; Lumley, James Andrew; Pang, Pui Shan; Spencer, Keith Charles; Tiberghien, Nathalie Anne Laure; Tomkinson, Gary Peter published a patent.Safety of (6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanol The title of the patent was Preparation of benzodiazepine compounds useful for the treatment of hepatitis C. And the patent contained the following:

The invention concerns benzodiazepine derivatives of Formula I (L1 is O or NR8, wherein R8 is H, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; L2 is -(CR9R10)n-, wherein n = 1-6 and R9 and R10 independently are H, C1-6 alkyl, or cyclopropyl; A is aryl, a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring, etc.; R1 is H or fluoro; R2 is H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R3 is H, C1-6 alkyl or halo; R4 is H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R5 is H, halo, or C1-6 alkyl; R6 is H, halo, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; and R7 is H, C1-6 alkyl, halo, etc.; X is CH or N). The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus infection. Example compound II was prepared by reacting 3-amino-5-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one hydrochloride and 2-(3-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)propoxy)-5-chlorobenzoic acid. When tested in assays that measured HCV polymerase inhibitory activity and/or reduction of HCV replicon levels, all of the exemplified compounds of the invention had IC50 values < 10 μM, indicating that they are expected to possess useful therapeutic properties. The experimental process involved the reaction of (6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanol(cas: 386704-04-7).Safety of (6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanol

The Article related to benzodiazepine compound preparation treatment hepatitis c, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Diazepines and other aspects.Safety of (6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanol

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On December 2, 2004, Laufer, Stefan A.; Zimmermann, Werner; Ruff, Kathrin J. published an article.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Tetrasubstituted Imidazole Inhibitors of Cytokine Release: Probing Substituents in the N-1 Position. And the article contained the following:

Novel 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives with high anti-inflammatory activity were prepared by a previously described regiospecific synthesis. Systematic optimization of the imidazole N-1 substituent resulted in compound I that potently inhibited the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 IC50 = 0.218 μM) as well as the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) from human whole blood after stimulation with LPS. Furthermore, I exhibited reduced cytochrome P 450 interaction in comparison with SB203580. This result is particularly important, since cytochrome P 450 interaction is observed for some p38 inhibitors and in turn can potentially cause drug-drug interaction or lead to other hepatic changes such as P 450 enzyme induction. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,2′,2”-(1,3,5-Triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol(cas: 4719-04-4).Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

The Article related to imidazole tetrasubstituted preparation cytokine inhibitor, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Imidazoles and other aspects.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

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