Month: November 2022

On May 31, 2021, van den Berg, Fons F.; van Dalen, Demi; Hyoju, Sanjiv K.; van Santvoort, Hjalmar C.; Besselink, Marc G.; Wiersinga, Willem Joost; Zaborina, Olga; Boermeester, Marja A.; Alverdy, John published an article.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The title of the article was Western-type diet influences mortality from necrotising pancreatitis and demonstrates a central role for butyrate. And the article contained the following:

The gut microbiota are the main source of infections in necrotising pancreatitis. We investigated the effect of disruption of the intestinal microbiota by a Western-type diet on mortality and bacterial dissemination in necrotising pancreatitis and its reversal by butyrate supplementation. C57BL/6 mice were fed either standard chow or a Western-type diet for 4 wk and were then subjected to taurocholate-induced necrotising pancreatitis. Blood and pancreas were collected for bacteriol. and immune anal. The cecum microbiota composition of mice was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and cecal content metabolites were analyzed by targeted (ie, butyrate) and untargeted metabolomics. Prevention of necrotising pancreatitis in this model was compared between faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy mice, antibiotic decontamination against Gram-neg. bacteria and oral or systemic butyrate administration. Addnl., the faecal microbiota of patients with pancreatitis and healthy subjects were analyzed. Mortality, systemic inflammation and bacterial dissemination were increased in mice fed Western diet and their gut microbiota were characterised by a loss of diversity, a bloom of Escherichia coli and an altered metabolic profile with butyrate depletion. While antibiotic decontamination decreased mortality, Gram-pos. dissemination was increased. Both oral and systemic butyrate supplementation decreased mortality, bacterial dissemination, and reversed the microbiota alterations. Paradoxically, mortality and bacterial dissemination were increased with FMT administration. Finally, patients with acute pancreatitis demonstrated an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease of butyrate producers compared with healthy subjects. Butyrate depletion and its repletion appear to play a central role in disease progression towards necrotising pancreatitis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

The Article related to necrotising pancreatitis mortality microbiota butyrate, acute pancreatitis, antibiotics, bacterial infection, butyrate, diet, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On January 31, 2022, Jaskiw, George E.; Xu, Dongyan; Obrenovich, Mark E.; Donskey, Curtis J. published an article.Synthetic Route of 621-37-4 The title of the article was Small phenolic and indolic gut-dependent molecules in the primate central nervous system: levels vs. bioactivity. And the article contained the following:

Rapidly growing body of data documents associations between disease of the brain and small mols. generated by gut-microbiota (GMB). While such metabolites can affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms, the most direct action would be on the central nervous system (CNS) itself. Identify indolic and phenolic GMB-dependent small mols. that reach bioactive concentrations in primate CNS. We conducted a PubMed search for metabolomic studies of the primate CNS [brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] and then selected for phenolic or indolic metabolites that (i) had been quantified, (ii) were GMB-dependent. For each chem. we then conducted a search for studies of bioactivity conducted in vitro in human cells of any kind or in CNS cells from the mouse or rat. 36 metabolites of interests were identified in primate CNS through targeted metabolomics. Quantification was available for 31/36 and in vitro bioactivity for 23/36. The reported CNS range for 8 metabolites 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid [caffeic acid], 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid [N-acetyltryptophan], 1H-indol-3-yl hydrogen sulfate [indoxyl-3-sulfate] overlapped with a bioactive concentration However, the number and quality of relevant studies of CNS neurochem. as well as of bioactivity were highly limited. Structural isomers, multiple metabolites and potential confounders were inadequately considered. The potential direct bioactivity of GMB-derived indolic and phenolic mols. on primate CNS remains largely unknown. The field requires addnl. strategies to identify and prioritize screening of the most promising small mols. that enter the CNS. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Synthetic Route of 621-37-4

The Article related to phenol indole central nervous system, bioactivity, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, gut microbiota, indolic, neuroactivity, phenolic, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 621-37-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On January 1, 2022, Hillyer, Katie E.; Raes, Eric; Karsh, Kristen; Holmes, Bronwyn; Bissett, Andrew; Beale, David J. published an article.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid The title of the article was Metabolomics as a tool for in situ study of chronic metal exposure in estuarine invertebrates. And the article contained the following:

Estuaries are subject to intense human use globally, with impacts from multiple stressors, such as metal contaminants. A key challenge is extending beyond traditional monitoring approaches to understand effects to biota and system function. To explore the metabolic effects of complex metal contaminants to sediment dwelling (benthic) fauna, we apply a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, coupling environmental monitoring, benthic sampling, total metals anal. and targeted metabolomics. We characterize metabolic signatures of metal exposure in three benthic invertebrate taxa, which differed in distribution across sites and severity of metal exposure: sipunculid (very high), amphipod (high), maldanid polychaete (moderate). We observed sediment and tissue metal loads far exceeding sediment guidelines where toxicity-related adverse effects may be expected, for metals including, As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg. Change in site- and taxa-specific metabolite profiles was highly correlated with natural environmental drivers (sediment total organic carbon and water temperature). At the most metal influenced sites, metabolite variation was also correlated with sediment metal loads. Using supervised multivariate regression, taxa-specific metabolic signatures of increased exposure and possibility of toxic effects were characterised against multiple reference sites. Metabolic signatures varied according to each taxon and degree of metal exposure, but primarily indicated altered cysteine and methionine metabolism, metal-binding and elimination (lysosomal) activity, coupled to change in complex biosynthesis pathways, responses to oxidative stress, and cellular damage. This novel multiple-lines-of-evidence approach combining metabolomics with traditional environmental monitoring, enabled detection and characterization of chronic metal exposure effects in situ in multiple invertebrate taxa. With capacity for application to rapid and effective monitoring of non-model species in complex environments, these approaches are critical for improved assessment and management of systems that are increasingly subject to anthropogenic drivers of change. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

The Article related to metal contaminant metabolomics estuarine invertebrate, bioavailability, bioindicator, contaminant, metabolomics, toxicity, zinc, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On June 1, 2022, Yadav, Renu; Saini, Rashmi; Adhikary, Arindam; Kumar, Sanjeev published an article.Related Products of 473-81-4 The title of the article was Unravelling cross priming induced heat stress, combinatorial heat and drought stress response in contrasting chickpea varieties. And the article contained the following:

Drought and high temperature stress affect chickpea growth and productivity. Often these stresses occur simultaneously in the field and lead to a wide range of mol. and metabolic adaptations. Two chickpea varieties; GPF2 (heat sensitive) and PDG4 variety (heat tolerant) were exposed to 35 °C for 24 h individually and along with drought stress. Five heat responsive signalling genes and 11 structural genes were analyzed using qPCR along with untargeted metabolites anal. using GC MS. Expression of antioxidant genes (CaSOD and CaGPX, CaAPX and CaCAT), transcription factors (CaHSFB2, CaHSFB2A, CaHSFB2B, CaHSP17.5 and CaHSP22.7) and signalling genes (CaCAM, CaGAD, and CaMAPK) were upregulated in GPF2 as compared to PDG4 variety. Principal component anal. (PCA), partial least-square discriminant anal. (PLS-DA), and heat map anal. were applied to the metabolomics data to identify the differential response of metabolites in two chickpea varieties. GC-MS anal. identified 107 and 83 metabolites in PDG4 and GPF2 varieties resp. PDG4 variety accumulated more sugars, amino acids, sugar alcs., TCA cycle intermediates which provided heat resistance. Addnl., the differential metabolic pathways involved in heat tolerance were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, pantothenate CoA biosynthesis, fructose and mannose metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway in PDG4 variety. There was less accumulation of metabolites in the primed plants of both varieties as compared to the non-primed plants indicating less damage due to heat stress. The present study gives an overview of the mol. changes occurring in response to heat stress in sensitive and tolerant chickpea. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Related Products of 473-81-4

The Article related to cicer drought leaf mannonic amino fatty acid, chickpea, gc-ms, gene expression, heat stress, metabolites, real time pcr, tolerance, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Related Products of 473-81-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qian, Heying; Li, Gang; Zhao, Guodong; Liu, Mingzhu; Xu, Anying published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Metabolic characterisation of the Midgut of Bombyx mori varieties after BmNPV infection using GC-MS-based metabolite profiling.Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9 And the article contains the following content:

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a silkworm disease that is especially harmful to cocoon production and seriously restricts sericultural development. Our laboratory successfully cultivated a new highly BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety, Huakang 2; however, its mechanism of BmNPV resistance remains unclear. To understand its resistance mechanism, we conducted a metabolomic and transcriptomic study of the midgut of silkworm varieties, Baiyu N and Baiyu after BmNPV infection. We identified 451 differential metabolites, which were mostly comprised of small mols., such as saccharides, acids, amines, alcs., and glycosides. We found that the primary differences in disease resistance between the silkworm varieties are metabolic-pathways, tryptophan metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ABC-transporters, beta-alanine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism Combined anal. with transcriptomic data suggested that tryptophan metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation are closely related to the silkworms BmNPV resistance. We hypothesize that the roles of the two metabolic pathways in the BmNPV resistance mechanism might be the following: Oxidative phosphorylation generates a large amount of ATP (ATP) in response to BmNPV infection to provide silkworms the energy required for establishing BmNPV resistance. Tryptophan metabolism then activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through the exogenous virus BmNPV, which activates the silkworm′s immune system to defeat BmNPV infections. The experimental process involved the reaction of H-Phg(4-OH)-OH(cas: 32462-30-9).Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9

The Article related to transcriptome metabolome oxidative phosphorylation nucleopolyhedrovirus bombyx, bmnpv, gc-ms, rna-seq, metabolic pathway, silkworm, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 32462-30-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On March 15, 2022, Iio, Keita; Saitoh, Tsuyoshi; Ohshita, Ryuichiro; Hino, Tsubasa; Amezawa, Mao; Takayama, Yoshiaki; Nagumo, Yasuyuki; Yamamoto, Naoshi; Kutsumura, Noriki; Irukayama-Tomobe, Yoko; Ishikawa, Yukiko; Tanimura, Ryuji; Yanagisawa, Masashi; Nagase, Hiroshi published an article.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid The title of the article was Discovery of orexin 2 receptor selective and dual orexin receptor agonists based on the tetralin structure: Switching of receptor selectivity by chirality on the tetralin ring. And the article contained the following:

A novel series of 1-amino-tetralin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the putative binding mode of the naphthalene-type orexin receptor agonist 5 and their agonist activities against orexin receptors were evaluated. The introduction of N-methyl-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide unit onto the 1-amino-tetralin skeleton remarkably enhanced the potency of the agonist. The asym. synthesis of 6 revealed that (-)-6 having a (S)-1-amino-tetralin skeleton showed a OX2R selective agonist activity (EC50 = 2.69 nM for OX2R, OX1R/OX2R = 461) yet its enantiomer (R)-(+)-6 showed a potent OX1/2R dual agonist activity (EC50 = 13.5 nM for OX1R, 0.579 nM for OX2R, OX1R/OX2R = 23.3). These results suggested that upward orientation of the amide side chain against the tetralin scaffold (S-configuration) would be selective for OX2R activation, and the downward orientation (R-configuration) would be significant for dual agonist activity. To our best knowledge, there have been no reports thus far that the stereochem. of one carbon center on the agonist structure regulates the orexin receptor selectivity. Our results would provide important information for the development of OX1R selective agonists. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

The Article related to orexin 2 receptor agonists chirality structure activity, agonist, diarylsulfonamide, ox1r, ox2r, orexin, orexin receptor, tetraline, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On July 31, 2022, Lee, Hyun-Jong; Kim, Mi-Ja published an article.Synthetic Route of 473-81-4 The title of the article was Metabolites of oregano (Origanum vulgare) seed and their anti-obesity effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes through down-regulated adipogenesis. And the article contained the following:

Metabolites of the 80% ethanol extract (OSE) and Et acetate fraction (OSEA) of oregano seed were analyzed by GC-MS, and anti-obesity effects of OSE and OSEA were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. OSE possessed high content of glucose, fructofuranose, and sucrose while OSEA had high content of phenolic chems. OSEA contained higher levels of gallic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, and catechin than OSE. OSEA inhibited lipid droplet accumulation with concentration dependent manner in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation. OSEA showed more inhibition ability than OSE by 13.7-fold at the level of 125 μg/mL. Addnl., relative mRNA and protein expression levels of pparγ, c/ebpα, fas, and srebp-1c which are related to adipogenesis were significantly lower in OSEA treatment group than in OSE treatment group (p < 0.05). Therefore, OSEA could be used as anti-obesity functional ingredient. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Synthetic Route of 473-81-4

The Article related to origanum vulgare seed metabolite adipocyte adipogenesis antiobesity effect, anti-obesity, antioxidant, metabolite, oregano seed, spice, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 473-81-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Beale, David J.; Shah, Rohan; Karpe, Avinash V.; Hillyer, Katie E.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Au, Gough G.; Marsh, Glenn A.; Vasan, Seshadri S. published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Metabolic profiling from an asymptomatic ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.HPLC of Formula: 621-37-4 And the article contains the following content:

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory disease that is causing significant global morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the host metabolism is still in its infancy but of great importance. Herein, we investigated the metabolic response during viral shedding and post-shedding in an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 ferret model (n = 6) challenged with two SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Virol. and metabolic analyses were performed on (minimally invasive) collected oral swabs, rectal swabs, and nasal washes. Fragments of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were only found in the nasal wash samples in four of the six ferrets, and in the samples collected 3 to 9 days post-infection (referred to as viral shedding). Central carbon metabolism metabolites were analyzed during viral shedding and post-shedding periods using a dynamic Multiple Reaction Monitoring (dMRM) database and method. Subsequent untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics of the same samples were performed using a Liquid Chromatog. Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) methodol., building upon the identified differentiated central carbon metabolism metabolites. Multivariate anal. of the acquired data identified 29 significant metabolites and three lipids that were subjected to pathway enrichment and impact anal. The presence of viral shedding coincided with the challenge dose administered and significant changes in the citric acid cycle, purine metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways, amongst others, in the host nasal wash samples. An elevated immune response in the host was also observed between the two isolates studied. These results support other metabolomic-based findings in clin. observational studies and indicate the utility of metabolomics applied to ferrets for further COVID-19 research that advances early diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild clin. COVID-19 infections, in addition to assessing the effectiveness of new or repurposed drug therapies. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid(cas: 621-37-4).HPLC of Formula: 621-37-4

The Article related to covid 19 asymptomatic metabolomics viral shedding, covid-19, sars-cov-2, animal model, ferret, lipidomics, metabolomics, systems biology, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 621-37-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Chu; Yu, Xiangyong; Meng, Zhaorui; Zhao, Ning; Bai, Fujuan; Zhao, Longshan published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for determination of volatile small molecules to evaluate compatibility of antimicrobial peptide PL-5 spray with packaging materials.Name: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol And the article contains the following content:

A simple and efficient method involving microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) combined with GC-MS was established to determine 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene (DBB), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DBP), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (DBHBA) for evaluating the compatibility of antimicrobial peptide PL-5 spray with drug-packaging materials. In this study, the antimicrobial peptide PL-5 spray was purified using a Welchrom C18 column, and the high-d. polyethylene spray bottle with liquid collection tube was first mixed with absolute ethanol, which would be subjected to MAE for further measurement by GC-MS. Various exptl. parameters were systematically optimized, and good linearities were obtained within the range of 0.05-1.00 μg/mL for DBB and DBHBA and 0.50-10.00 μg/mL for DBP, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.99 ng/mL (DBB), 16.34 ng/mL (DBP), and 1.64 ng/mL (DBHBA). Satisfactory recoveries that ranged from 96.0% to 107.2% were acquired, and the relative standard deviation was ≤ 4.7%. The results showed that the maximum daily usage of DBB, DBP, and DBHBA was 9.859, 163.445, and 16.399 ng, resp., which was far below the corresponding permitted daily exposure values according to the safety assessment, indicating that the migration of analytes did not bring any potential safety risk. The compatibility between the drug and the packaging materials was favorable. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol(cas: 96-76-4).Name: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol

The Article related to volatile small mol antimicrobial peptide pl 5 spray, gc-ms, mae, antimicrobial peptide pl-5 spray, compatibility, volatile small molecules, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Name: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

On November 30, 2022, Ijaz, Muawuz; Zhang, Dequan; Hou, Chengli; Mahmood, Mubarik; Hussain, Zubair; Zheng, Xiaochun; Li, Xin published an article.Reference of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid The title of the article was Changes in postmortem metabolites profile of atypical and typical DFD beef. And the article contained the following:

This study explored the changes in postmortem metabolites of atypical and typical DFD beef using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The longissimus thoracis muscles were categorized into normal, atypical DFD and typical DFD groups. The L*, a*, b*, glycogen and lactic acid contents were lower (P < 0.05) in typical DFD than normal beef. A total of 240 compounds were significantly different among groups. Levels of glycerol-3-phosphate, D-ribose-5-phosphate, D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-fructose-6-phosphate, alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate were higher in atypical DFD than those in the normal and typical DFD beef and the contents of 9 amino acids were elevated in typical DFD. KEGG anal. showed that metabolomic changes were primarily related with ATP-binding cassette transporters, metabolism of purine, central carbon, glycine, serine and threonine, biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA, digestion and absorption of proteins, metabolism of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, pyrimidine, bile secretion and galactose. In conclusion, development of atypical and typical DFD meat results in differences at level of postmortem metabolite concentrations of different metabolic pathways. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(cas: 473-81-4).Reference of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid

The Article related to beef atypical typical dark firm dry postmortem metabolite profile, beef, biochemical basis, dfd, non-targeted metabolomics, uhplc q-tof/ms, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Reference of 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts