Month: November 2022

Jiangzhi Granule attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing TNF/NFκB signaling pathway-a study based on network pharmacology was written by Zhou, Wenjun;Zhu, Ziye;Xiao, Xiaoli;Li, Chunlin;Zhang, Li;Dang, Yanqi;Ge, Guangbo;Ji, Guang;Zhu, Mingzhe;Xu, Hongxi. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2021.Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Jiangzhi Granule is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for treating non-alc. fatty liver disease. However, its key ingredients and underlying mechanisms for attenuating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. To address this issue, UPLC-TOF-MS based chem. profiling, network pharmacol. and animal exptl. validation were employed. First, a total of 56 main ingredients of Jiangzhi Granule and 38 ingredients in the blood and liver (after oral administration) were identified. Then, 170 potential targets of the absorbed ingredients and 50 targets of NASH were identified, and 10 overlapped genes were identified as candidate targets of Jiangzhi Granule for NASH treatment. A Jiangzhi Granule-ingredients-targets-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape software, which included eight main ingredients (such as emodin, resveratrol and quercetin) and 10 candidate targets (such as TNF, IL6 and CCL2). Functional enrichment indicated that the candidate targets were enriched in multiple pathways (such as the TNF signaling pathway). Furthermore, a NASH mice model was constructed and intervened with Jiangzhi Granule. The results revealed that Jiangzhi Granule could ameliorate NASH characteristics, such as histopathol. changes and liver cholesterol level. Meanwhile, Jiangzhi Granule significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of TNFα in NASH mice liver, suppressed NFκB activation, and inhibited the expression of macrophage activation marker F4/80 and M1-type polarization marker CD11b/CD11c. ELISA assay indicated that Jiangzhi Granule reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (including TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) in the liver. Collectively, our results suggested that Jiangzhi Granule could attenuate NASH by suppressing TNF/NFκB signaling mediated macrophage M1-type polarization. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Significantly elevated levels of plasma nicotinamide, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine phosphate levels in obese emirati population: a cross-sectional study was written by Ibrahim, Ghada Rashad;Shah, Iltaf;Gariballa, Salah;Yasin, Javed;Barker, James;Ashraf, Syed Salman. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Recommanded Product: 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Water-soluble vitamins like B3 (nicotinamide), B6 (pyridoxine), and B9 (folic acid) are of utmost importance in human health and disease, as they are involved in numerous critical metabolic reactions. Not surprisingly, deficiencies of these vitamins have been linked to various disease states. Unfortunately, not much is known about the physiol. levels of B6 vitamers and vitamin B3 in an ethnically isolated group (such as an Emirati population), as well as their relationship with obesity. The aim of the present study was to quantify various B6 vitamers, as well as B3, in the plasma of obese and healthy Emirati populations and to examine their correlation with obesity. A sensitive and robust HPLC-MS/MS-based method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of five physiol. relevant forms of vitamin B6, namely pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine phosphate, and pyridoxal phosphate, as well as nicotinamide, in human plasma. This method was used to quantify the concentrations of these vitamers in the plasma of 57 healthy and 57 obese Emirati volunteers. Our anal. showed that the plasma concentrations of nicotinamide, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine phosphate in the obese Emirati population were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, and p = 0.002, resp.). No significant differences were observed for the plasma concentrations of pyridoxine and pyridoxal phosphate. Furthermore, the concentrations of some of these vitamers in healthy Emirati volunteers were significantly different than those published in the literature for Western populations, such as American and European volunteers. This initial study underscores the need to quantify micronutrients in distinct ethnic groups, as well as people suffering from chronic metabolic disorders. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Recommanded Product: 65-22-5).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 65-22-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Aggregation and its influence on the bioactivities of a novel antimicrobial peptide, temporin-PF, and its analogues was written by Yu, Zai;Xi, Xinping;Ye, Zhuming;Ma, Chengbang;Zhou, Mei;Chen, Xiaoling;Siu, Shirley W. I.;Chen, Tianbao;Wang, Lei;Kwok, Hang Fai. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.COA of Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Temporin is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family discovered in the skin secretion of ranid frog that has become a promising alternative for conventional antibiotic therapy. Herein, a novel temporin peptide, Temporin-PF (TPF), was successfully identified from Pelophylax fukienensis. It exhibited potent activity against Gram-pos. bacteria, but no effect on Gram-neg. bacteria. Addnl., TPF exhibited aggregation effects in different solutions Three analogs were further designed to study the relationship between the aggregation patterns and bioactivities, and the MD simulation was performed for revealing the pattern of the peptide assembly. As the results showed, all peptides were able to aggregate in the standard culture media and salt solutions, especially CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ buffers, where the aggregation was affected by the concentration of the salts. MD simulation reported that all peptides were able to form oligomers. The parent peptide assembly depended on the hydrophobic interaction via the residues in the middle domain of the sequence. However, the substitution of Trp/D-Trp resulted in an enhanced inter-peptide interaction in the zipper-like domain and eliminated overall biol. activities. Our study suggested that introducing aromaticity at the zipper-like domain for temporin may not improve the bioactivities, which might be related to the formation of aggregates via the inter-peptide contacts at the zipper-like motif domain, and it could reduce the binding affinity to the lipid membrane of microorganisms. Temporin-1KM (accession No: AGE10577), Pelophylaxin-4 (accession No: Q2WCN5), and temporin-HB2,3,4 (accession No: AIU99904, AIU99906, AIU99905) were found in the skin secretion of Pelophylax nigromaculatus, Pelophylax fukienensis, and Pelophylax fukienensis, resp. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5COA of Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Untargeted lipidomic profiling of dry blood spots using SFC-HRMS was written by Le Faouder, Pauline;Soullier, Julia;Tremblay-Franco, Marie;Tournadre, Anthony;Martin, Jean-Francois;Guitton, Yann;Carle, Caroline;Caspar-Bauguil, Sylvie;Denechaud, Pierre-Damien;Bertrand-Michel, Justine. And the article was included in Metabolites in 2021.Quality Control of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lipids are essential cellular constituents that have many critical roles in physiol. functions. They are notably involved in energy storage and cell signaling as second messengers, and they are major constituents of cell membranes, including lipid rafts. As a consequence, they are implicated in a large number of heterogeneous diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, neurol. disorders, and inherited metabolic diseases. Due to the high structural diversity and complexity of lipid species, the presence of isomeric and isobaric lipid species, and their occurrence at a large concentration scale, a complete lipidomic profiling of biol. matrixes remains challenging, especially in clin. contexts. Using supercritical fluid chromatog. coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have developed and validated an untargeted lipidomic approach to the profiling of plasma and blood. Moreover, we have tested the technique using the Dry Blood Spot (DBS) method and found that it allows for the easy collection of blood for anal. To develop the method, we performed the optimization of the separation and detection of lipid species on pure standards, reference human plasma (SRM1950), whole blood, and DBS. These analyses allowed an inhouse lipid data bank to be built. Using the MS-Dial software, we developed an automatic process for the relative quantification of around 500 lipids species belonging to the 6 main classes of lipids (including phospholipids, sphingolipids, free fatty acids, sterols, and fatty acyl-carnitines). Then, we compared the method using the published data for SRM 1950 and a mouse blood sample, along with another sample of the same blood collected using the DBS method. In this study, we provided a method for blood lipidomic profiling that can be used for the easy sampling of dry blood spots. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Quality Control of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Production of soluble regulatory hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha in Escherichia coli using a fed-batch-based autoinduction system was written by Fan, Qin;Neubauer, Peter;Gimpel, Matthias. And the article was included in Microbial Cell Factories in 2021.SDS of cas: 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Autoinduction systems can regulate protein production in Escherichia coli without the need to monitor cell growth or add inducer at the proper time following culture growth. Compared to classical IPTG induction, autoinduction provides a simple and fast way to obtain high protein yields. In the present study, we report on the optimization process for the enhanced heterologous production of the Ralstonia eutropha regulatory hydrogenase (RH) in E. coli using autoinduction. These autoinduction methods were combined with the EnPresso B fed-batch like growth system, which applies slow in situ enzymic glucose release from a polymer to control cell growth and protein synthesis rate. We were able to produce 125 mg L-1 RH corresponding to a productivity averaged over the whole process time of 3 mg (L h)-1 in shake flasks using classic single-shot IPTG induction. IPTG autoinduction resulted in a comparable volumetric RH yield of 112 mg L-1 and due to the shorter overall process time in a 1.6-fold higher productivity of 5 mg (L h)-1. In contrast, lactose autoinduction increased the volumetric yield more than 2.5-fold and the space time yield fourfold reaching 280 mg L-1 and 11.5 mg (L h)-1, resp. Furthermore, repeated addition of booster increased RH production to 370 mg L-1, which to our knowledge is the highest RH concentration produced in E. coli to date. The findings of this study confirm the general feasibility of the developed fed-batch based autoinduction system and provide an alternative to conventional induction systems for efficient recombinant protein production We believe that the fed-batch based autoinduction system developed herein will favor the heterologous production of larger quantities of difficult-to-express complex enzymes to enable economical production of these kinds of proteins. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1SDS of cas: 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Formation of an unusual pyridoxal derivative: Characterization of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and evaluation of binding to DNA and to human serum albumin was written by Mukherjee, Tirtha;Pessoa, Joao Costa;Kumar, Amit;Sarkar, Asit R.. And the article was included in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2015.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The in situ reaction of pyridoxal (pyd) and N-methyl-1,3-diamino propane (mdp) with Cu(II)-, Ni(II)- or Zn(II)-acetate yield binuclear [Cu^II₂(pyd-mdp)(pyd-mmdp)Cl] (1), [Ni^II₂(pyd-mdp)(pyd-mmdp)Cl] (2) and [Zn^II₂(pyd-mdp)(pyd-mmdp)Cl] (3), resp., where pyd-mdp^– is the Schiff base ligand and H₂pyd-mmdp is an unexpected compound, 1-((3-(((3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methylene)amino)propyl)(methyl)amino)-6-methyl-1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridin-7-ol. A plausible mechanism for the formation of the pyd-mmdp^2- ligand is discussed. The mol. structure of 1 is determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction, while those of 2 and 3 were inferred from the spectroscopic data. The binding of pyd-mmdp^2- to the metal centers involves two phenolato-O, imine-N and amine-N atoms, and that of pyd-mdp^– ligand one phenolato-O, the imine-N and the amine-N atoms; phenolato-O and chloro-Cl atoms bridge the metal centers. Complexes 1-3 are stable in buffered aqueous solutions at least up to 5 h. The competitive binding of 1-3 with DNA was studied, the apparent binding constants being K = 5.6 × 10⁴, 3.9 × 10⁴, and 5.8 × 10⁴ M^-1, resp. Complex 3 shows insulin-enhancing activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.51 relative to Zn sulfate. The interaction of 1, 2 or 3 as well as related complexes with pyridoxal-diamine derivatives with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by CD spectra. In the presence of HSA, compounds 1-3 progressively decompose with time, forming monomeric M(Schiff base) HSA adducts. Probably imidazole- or amine-N atoms of the protein are involving in adduct formation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

European interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICI) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUAS) for the analysis of bisphenol A, S and F in human urine: Results from the HBM4EU project was written by Vaccher, Vincent;Lopez, Marta Esteban;Castano, Argelia;Mol, Hans;Haji-Abbas-Zarrabi, Karin;Bury, Daniel;Koch, Holger M.;Dvorakova, Darina;Hajslova, Jana;Nubler, Stefanie;Kaur Sakhi, Amrit;Thomsen, Cathrine;Vorkamp, Katrin;Goen, Thomas;Antignac, Jean-Philippe. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Human Biomonitoring for Europe initiative (HBM4EU) aims to study the exposure of citizens to chems. and potentially associated health effects. One objective of this project has been to build a network of laboratories able to answer to the requirements of European human biomonitoring studies. Within the HBM4EU quality assurance and quality control scheme (QA/QC), a number of interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICIs) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUASs) were organized to ensure data consistency, comparability and reliability. Bisphenols are among the prioritized substance groups in HBM4EU, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in human urine. In four rounds of ICI/EQUAS, two target concentration levels were considered, related to around P25 and P95 of the typical exposure distribution observed in the European general population. Special attention was paid to the conjugated phase II metabolites known to be most dominant in samples of environmentally exposed individuals, through the anal. of both native samples and samples fortified with glucuronide forms. For the low level, the average percentage of satisfactory results across the four rounds was 83% for BPA, 71% for BPS and 62% for BPF. For the high level, the percentages of satisfactory results increased to 93% for BPA, 89% for BPS and 86% for BPF. 24 out of 32 participating laboratories (75%) were approved for the analyses of BPA in the HBM4EU project according to the defined criterion of Z-scores for both low and high concentration levels in at least two ICI/EQUAS rounds. For BPS and BPF, the number of qualified laboratories was 18 out of 27 (67%) and 13 out of 28 (46%), resp. These results demonstrate a strong anal. capability for BPA and BPS in Europe, while improvements may be needed for BPF. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Synthetic Route of C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Trends in the Athermal Entropy of Mixing of Polymer Solutions was written by Vahid, Amir;Gray, Neil H.;Elliott, J. Richard. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2014.Quality Control of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Polymeric mixtures of hydrocarbons and alcs. have been simulated with discontinuous potential models to characterize the Helmholtz energy of the repulsive reference fluids. This quantity is equivalent to the athermal mixture entropy. The reference compressibility factor and Helmholtz free energy have been correlated for various mol. structures from single to infinite chain lengths. The mixtures included small n-alkanes, branched alkanes, aromatics, and alcs., with polymeric mols. of: n-alkanes, ethyl-styrenes, ethyl-propylenes, and isoprenes. We find that the athermal entropy of mixing at constant packing fraction deviates significantly from ideality as the volume ratio increases, but the nonideality is fairly insensitive to structural details like branching and rings. Volume ratio alone does not provide a complete characterization, however. For example, a mixture of C40 and C80 would yield a small deviation whereas a mixture of C2 and C4 would provide a relatively large deviation. This observation leads to the introduction of a characteristic parameter in terms of entropy d., designated as an entropic solubility parameter. In both ideal and nonideal solutions, the trends still follow van der Waals (vdW) mixing. This leads to an accurate characterization of the entropic contribution to the χ parameter (χ^S) of Flory-Huggins theory for mixtures of all sizes, shapes, and compositions of mol. structures. A general rule is developed for predicting the athermal entropy of mixing based on knowledge of the volume ratios and entropic solubility parameter of the constituent mols. The simulations are compared to Flory-Huggins (FH), group contribution lattice fluid theory (GCLF), statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), Sanchez-Lacombe (SL), and Guggenheim-Staverman (GS) theories of polymer chains. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Quality Control of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Last piece in the puzzle of bisphenols BPA, BPS and BPF metabolism: Kinetics of the in vitro sulfation reaction was written by Durcik, Martina;Gramec Skledar, Darja;Tomasic, Tihomir;Trontelj, Jurij;Peterlin Masic, Lucija. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Related Products of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenols are endocrine-disrupting chems. ubiquitously present in the environment, with the consequent exposure to humans. In humans, bisphenols are metabolized to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Recent studies indicate that sulfation represents an important bisphenol metabolic pathway for the most vulnerable humans, such as the growing fetus. Our aim was to evaluate sulfation kinetics of commonly detected bisphenols in biol. samples: bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF). Furthermore, we evaluated estrogenic agonist potencies and long-term stability of these bisphenol sulfates. BPS and BPF sulfates were prepared by chem. synthesis. Sulfation kinetics of the selected bisphenols were tested in pooled human liver cytosol, as a source for soluble phase II enzymes, including liver sulfotransferases, with quantification by LC-MS/MS. A validated transactivation assay using the hERα-Hela 9903 cell line was used to determine estrogenic agonist potencies. Moreover, BPA, BPS, and BPF sulfate stabilities were examined under various conditions and during storage. In vitro sulfation of BPA and BPS followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics; BPF sulfation followed a substrate inhibition model. Sulfation rates were comparable for these bisphenols, although their K_M values indicated some large differences in affinities. BPA and BPS sulfates are not hERα agonists. The bisphenol sulfates can be considered stable for at least 2 days under these tested media conditions. These data indicate that bisphenol sulfation is an important route in their biotransformation. Compared to glucuronidation, these bisphenols show slower sulfation rates but similar K_M values. BPA and BPS metabolic biotransformation by sulfation provides their detoxification as they are without estrogenic activities. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Related Products of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimisation of the conditions of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for environmentally friendly determination of bisphenols and benzophenone in complex water matrices by LC-MS/MS was written by Coutinho, Rodrigo;Gomes Vianna, Marco Tadeu;Marques, Marcia. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2022.Name: 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Due to well-known risks to human and environmental health, the increasing presence of several micropollutants even in very low concentrations in environmental matrixes requires sustainable and advanced anal. methods to expand monitoring programs, particularly for water quality control. The objective of this study was to optimize the conditions of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for a combined group of emerging micropollutants (bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, bisphenol AF and benzophenone) in complex water matrixes. Ten variables were chosen as the most important for DLLME procedure and the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach was applied to find the most relevant variables and optimize the DLLME procedure. The optimized DLLME was then, applied to real complex water samples including raw and treated wastewaters and surface water in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, and the extracted samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The variables vortex mixing time (VMT), Dispersive Solvent Volume (DSV) and Extractor Solvent Volume (ESV) are the most important among the variables evaluated. The recovery efficiencies ranged from 60 to 120% after optimization the amounts of target compounds found in the five real aqueous matrixes varied from 0.005 to 150μg L-1. The association of optimized DLLME with the UPLC-MS/MS met the validation requirements adopted and generated anal. results of high quality. The advantages of this extraction technique include reduction of cost per anal.; low volume of samples and low volume of solvent required; no need to use cartridges; reduction of waste generation. The method is, therefore, suitable to process large numbers of samples, particularly in countries with limited budgets for environmental monitoring. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Name: 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts