Month: November 2022

Labyrinthopeptin A1 inhibits dengue and Zika virus infection by interfering with the viral phospholipid membrane was written by Oeyen, Merel;Meyen, Eef;Noppen, Sam;Claes, Sandra;Doijen, Jordi;Vermeire, Kurt;Sussmuth, Roderich D.;Schols, Dominique. And the article was included in Virology in 2021.Reference of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To date, there are no broad-spectrum antivirals available to treat infections with flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this study, we determine the broad antiviral activity of the lantibiotic Labyrinthopeptin A1. We show that Laby A1 inhibits all DENV serotypes and various ZIKV strains with IC50 around 1μM. The structurally related Laby A2 also displayed a consistent, but about tenfold lower, antiviral activity. Furthermore, Laby A1 inhibits many viruses from divergent families such as HIV, YFV, RSV and Punta Torovirus. Of interest, Laby A1 does not show activity against non-enveloped viruses. Its antiviral activity is independent of the cell line or the used evaluation method, and can also be observed in MDDC, a physiol. relevant primary cell type. Furthermore, Laby A1 demonstrates low cellular toxicity and has a more favorable SI compared to duramycin, a well-described lantibiotic with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Time-of-drug addition experiments demonstrate that Laby A1 inhibits infection and entry processes of ZIKV and DENV. We reveal that Laby A1 performs its broad antiviral activity by interacting with a viral factor rather than a cellular factor, and that it has virucidal properties. Finally, using SPR interaction studies we demonstrate that Laby A1 interacts with several phospholipids (i.e. PE and PS) present in the viral envelope. Together with other recent Labyrinthopeptin antiviral publications, this work validates the activity of Laby A1 as broad antiviral entry inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action and demonstrates its potential value as antiviral agent against emerging flaviviruses. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Reference of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor Citrus fruits (Rutaceae) was written by Giovanelli, Silvia;Ciccarelli, Daniela;Giusti, Giulia;Mancianti, Francesca;Nardoni, Simona;Pistelli, Luisa. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2020.Computed Properties of C10H22O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Citrus Essential Oils (CEOs) from the peel of six minor Citrus fruits (C. bergamia ′Castagnaro,′ ′Fantastico,′ and ′Femminello,′ C. x myrtifolia, C. mitis, and C. japonica) were obtained by hydrodistillation and cold hand pressing of the flavedo to investigate their volatile constituents and antimycotic activities. The volatile compounds present in the juices of the same fruits, obtained by manual squeezing of the endocarps, were evaluated by direct immersion and Solid Phase Micro Extraction Monoterpenes were identified as the main class of components in all the six CEOs. Limonene was the most abundant compound, while BEOs (Bergamot Essential Oils) changed its composition according to the different extraction method and the fruit varieties. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the matrix taxa x chem. compounds showed that five chem. compounds had a significant discriminative function among the samples: high amounts of limonene characterized the cluster of C japonica, C. × myrtifolia, and C mitis, while the group of three cultivars of C bergamia differed in its predominance of linalool and linalyl acetate. Furfural and 4-terpineol were identified in the highest amounts in the Citrus juices analyzed by direct immersion. BEO obtained by hydrodistillation of C bergamia ′Fantastico′ was the most active in the antifungal tests. The antimycotic activity of C japonica EOs against dermatophytic species was also demonstrated. Based on our results, the use of these products would appear an interesting alternative in producing topical herbal products for the treatment of affected animals or for the purpose of environmental fungal control. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Computed Properties of C10H22O).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C10H22O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Phytochemical Fingerprints and Bioactivities of Ripe Disseminules (Fruit-Seeds) of Seventeen Gundelia (Kenger-Kereng Dikeni) Species from Anatolia with Chemometric Approach was written by Ertas, Abdulselam;Firat, Mehmet;Yener, Ismail;Akdeniz, Mehmet;Yigitkan, Serkan;Bakir, Derya;Cakir, Cansel;Abdullah Yilmaz, Mustafa;Ozturk, Mehmet;Kolak, Ufuk. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2021.Reference of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Gundelia species are known as “Kenger-kereng dikeni” in Anatolia, and their aerial parts are consumed as food. Also, roots and seeds (disseminules) of the Gundelia species are used to prepare gum and coffee. The chem. contents of ethanol and hexane extracts of disseminules of 17 Gundelia species, 13 of them are endemic, were studied using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Addnl., their antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory capacity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase were determined The unsaturated fatty acid ratios of Gundelia species were higher than their saturated fatty acid ratio. The highest sum of oleic and linoleic acid was detected in G. tournefortii var. tenuisecta (70.42%). β-Sitosterol, α-amyrin, 3-acetyllupeol were identified in 17 Gundelia species by GC/MS, while chlorogenic acid and luteolin by LC/MS/MS as major compounds The ethanol and hexane extracts of G. siirtica, G. rosea, and G. mesopotamica indicated good cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among all species, ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis exhibited the best activity in ABTS (IC50: 32.30±0.98μg/mL), DPPH (IC50: 59.91±0.89μg/mL), and CUPRAC (A0.5: 57.41±1.03μg/mL) assays. Ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis also displayed the highest inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (51.14±0.25% at 200μg/mL), urease (51.71±1.75% at 200μg/mL), and tyrosinase (39.50±0.85% at 200μg/mL) enzymes. According to the chemometric anal. of fatty acids, four groups were observed Therefore, it is suggested that G. colemerikensis can be used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Reference of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volatile compositions of strawberry fruit during shelf life using pre and postharvest hexanal treatment was written by Oz, Ayse Tuelin;Kafkas, Ebru. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Related Products of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Changes in volatile compositions were determined in Rubygem strawberry variety related to pre and postharvest hexanal application during shelf life. For this concern, Rubygem variety was treated with hexanal vapor and spray applications which were, doses (0%, 0.01%, 0.02%) pre and postharvest after hexanal applications strawberry fruits were stored at 2°C and RH 90% conditions. Effects of hexanal spray and vapor applications of strawberry fruit volatile profiles were analyzed with HS-SPME/GC-MS techniques. Differences among treatments were identified in volatile compositions at 3 days intervals during 15 days of shelf life. The results showed that, hexanal application type and concentration effected the percentage of volatile composition of esters, ketones, terpens, alcs., acids, aldehydes, and others during shelf life. The hexanal application form and concentration were effected the amount and composition of volatiles of Rubygem strawberry fruit. As a result, hexanal spray application has important effects on ester percentage, however, hexanal vapor treatment increased the alcs. percentage of strawberries at the end of shelf life. Practical applications : Application of organic substances of hexanal pre and postharvest season has been successfully used due to their environmentally friendly effects. Hexanal is volatile gases, organic aldehydes which are the source of plant extract and used as food additives. There are many research on hexanal application to prevent microbial growth after harvest. In the present study, hexanal spray and vapor applications were used to determined the volatiles profile strawberries fruit during shelf life. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Related Products of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification of bisphenols and derivatives in greenhouse dust as a potential source for human occupational exposure was written by Caballero-Casero, Noelia;Rubio, Soledad. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2022.Application of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) and alternative bisphenols are widely used in the industrial production of polycarbonates and resin polymers. Adverse effects on human health have been described for BPA and owing to the structural similarity of alternative bisphenols and derivatives, a similar toxicity profile is expectable. Dust can act as a sink for bisphenols owing to the large surface area to mass ratio. Human risk exposure to bisphenols via indoor dust has been widely assessed in the last decade. The environmental conditions inside greenhouses, among other factors, facilitate that chems. are released from greenhouse building materials to dust. This study aims to explore for the first time the potential of greenhouse dust as a new source of bisphenols for human exposure. For this purpose, a supramol. solvent-based method was applied to the extraction of twenty-one bisphenols from greenhouse dust, prior to their determination by liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. Nineteen bisphenols were found in the five greenhouse dust samples analyzed, with concentrations ranging from 5275 ng g-1 (BPA) to 0.25 ng g-1 (trichlorobisphenol A). The average daily dose (ADD) via dust ingestion for bisphenol compounds was calculated, in order to estimate the occupational exposure for inadvertent dust ingestion. Despite the calculated ADD value for BPA (47.81 ng kg-1 day-1) being below the tolerable daily intake proposed by EFSA (4·103 ng kg-1 day-1), this value was considerably higher than those previously reported for indoor dust, which brings to light the importance of considering greenhouse dust as bisphenols source of exposure for greenhouse workers. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fuzheng Jiedu decoction induces apoptosis and enhances cisplatin efficacy in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway was written by Yang, Huadi;Li, Hui;Lu, Shenyi;Shan, Shuangshuang;Guo, Yong. And the article was included in BioMed Research International in 2022.COA of Formula: C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study is aimed at investigating the anticancer activity of Fuzheng Jiedu decoction (FJD) alone or in combination with cisplatin in ovarian cancer (OC) models, as well as its underlying mechanisms of action. The anticancer activities of FJD, cisplatin, and the combination of the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002, LY) or activator (IGF-1) were evaluated in OC cell lines in vitro and in a SKOV3 xenograft mouse model in vivo. The cell proliferation and invasion ability were measured using MTT, EdU, and transwell assays, resp. The cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and JC-1 assays. The expression levels of the Bcl-2 family and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB pathway-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that FJD administration could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in two OC cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO and partially decreased the tumor volumes and weights In addition, FJD could significantly downregulate the protein levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, NF-κB, p38, and Bcl-2 and upregulate the Bax, Cyt-C, and cleaved caspase-3 in OC tumor tissues and cells. FJD cotreatment increased the efficacy of cisplatin, including inhibiting OC cell proliferation and invasion, promoting cell apoptosis, and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway, while this enhancement was suppressed by IGF-1. Similarly, LY also enhanced the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. This study indicated that FJD could improve the efficacy of cisplatin by inhibiting the PI3K/ AKT/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway. It is suggested that FJD may be a valuable adjuvant drug for the treatment of OC. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6COA of Formula: C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preliminary Studies on Endotherapy Based Application of Ozonated Water to Bobal Grapevines: Effect on Wine Quality was written by Campayo, Ana;Cebrian-Tarancon, Cristina;Garcia-Martinez, Maria Mercedes;Salinas, Maria Rosario;Alonso, Gonzalo L.;Serrano de la Hoz, Kortes. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Product Details of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The application of ozonated water in the vineyard is an increasingly popular tool for disease management, but the quality of grapes and resulting wines is likely to be affected. Endotherapy, or trunk injection, is a particularly useful method to apply phytosanitary products since many fungal pathogens colonize the grapevine woody tissues. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect on wine quality of the ozonated water applied to Bobal grapevines, one of the most cultivated red varieties in Spain, through endotherapy (E) or its combination with spraying (E + S). Endotherapy was carried out four times before harvest for both E and E + S treatments, and spraying was performed 2 days before and after each endotherapy application. Grapes were harvested, vinified, and the quality of the finished wines was evaluated through several enol. parameters and the phenolic and volatile composition Both treatments resulted in less alc. and more acidic wines. The E treatment, although it reduced the content of phenolic acids, stilbenes and flavanols, significantly increased anthocyanins, whereas E + S decreased the overall amount of phenolics, which had different implications for wine color. In terms of aroma, both treatments, but E to a greater extent, reduced the content of glycosylated precursors and differentially affected free volatiles, both varietal and fermentative. Thus, the dose of ozonated water, frequency and/or method of application are determining factors in the effect of these treatments on wine quality and must be carefully considered by winegrowers to establish the optimum treatment conditions so as not to impair the quality of wines. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Product Details of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Product Details of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liquefied wheat straw as phenols for bio-based phenolic resins: Reaction parameters optimization and chemical routes was written by Jiang, Xiuming;Li, Peilong;Ding, Zhan;Li, Huifeng;Bing, Hui;Zhang, Linqing. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The value-added conversion of biomass materials is accepted as a promising approach to alleviate the energy crisis and promote green chem. This work aims to investigate the conversion process and chem. routes from liquefied wheat straw (LWS) to bio-based phenolic resins (BPFRs) and their potential opportunity as an alternative to petroleum-based asphalt binders. Response surface methodol. (RSM) was introduced for the optimization of synthesis conditions, while the Fourier transform IR (FTIR), NMR (NMR) and SEM were used to explore the chem. reactions during the conversion process and the morphol. characteristics of resins. The feasibility of BPFRs application in asphalt binders was investigated based on rheol. tests. The results demonstrate that the LWS is rich in phenolic compounds with reactive sites in para or ortho positions, which can replace petroleum-based phenol in the reaction with formaldehyde. Further, the produced intermediates, methylolphenols and bisphenol F, are subject to the condensation reaction to form BPFR mols. with about five phenolic nuclei. The connection between phenolic nuclei is dominated by para-methylene bridges (about 70%). The synthesis is suggested to be carried out at a molar ratio of phenol-to-formaldehyde of 0.75 without addnl. sulfuric acid, and the preferred polymerization temperature and time are 95°C and 120 min. It should be noted that the reactivity of LWS is lower than that of petroleum-based phenol and may be accompanied by self-curing effects. Noticeable folds are observed on the surface of BPFRs. Encouragingly, acceptable compatibility and rutting resistance in the BPFR-asphalt system are identified. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Structure Dependence of Pyridine and Benzene Derivatives on Interactions with Model Membranes was written by Peters, Benjamin J.;Van Cleave, Cameron;Haase, Allison A.;Hough, John Peter B.;Giffen-Kent, Keisha A.;Cardiff, Gabriel M.;Sostarecz, Audra G.;Crick, Dean C.;Crans, Debbie C.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2018.Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pyridine-based small-mol. drugs, vitamins, and cofactors are vital for many cellular processes, but little is known about their interactions with membrane interfaces. These specific membrane interactions of these small mols. or ions can assist in diffusion across membranes or reach a membrane bound target. This study explored how minor differences in small mols. (isoniazid, benzhydrazide, isonicotinamide, nicotinamide, picolinamide, and benzamide) can affect their interactions with model membranes. Langmuir monolayer studies of DPPC or DPPE, in the presence of the mols. listed, showed that isoniazid and isonicotinamide affected the DPPE monolayer at lower concentrations than the DPPC monolayer, demonstrating a preference for one phospholipid over the other. The Langmuir monolayer studies also suggested that nitrogen content and stereochem. of the small mol. could affect the phospholipid monolayers differently. To determine the mol. interactions of the simple N-containing aromatic pyridines with a membrane-like interface, ¹H 1D NMR and ¹H-¹H 2D NMR techniques were utilized to obtain information about position and orientation of the mols. of interest within aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles. These studies showed that all 6 of the mols. resided near the AOT sulfonate head-groups and ester linkages in similar positions, but nicotinamide and picolinamide tilted at the water-AOT interface to varying degrees. Combined, these studies demonstrate that small structural changes of small N-containing mols. can affect their specific interactions with membrane-like interfaces, and specificity toward different membrane components. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mercury bioremediation in aquatic environment by genetically modified bacteria with self-controlled biosecurity circuit was written by Xue, Yubin;Du, Pei;Ibrahim Shendi, Amal Amin;Yu, Bo. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Heavy metal pollution such as mercury (Hg²⁺) poses a severe threat to food security worldwide because of enrichment through food chain and, eventually, to the human body. Biol. remediation approaches are promising, but in some cases, the natural microorganisms are not ideal for practical application, which requires genetic modification of such organisms. However, the threat of genetically modified bacteria being released into the environments has long been the major concern that limits the applications of such technologies. In this study, we designed and optimized a genetic circuit that is capable of activating a Hg²⁺ adsorption module after sensing Hg²⁺ in waterbody, and killing cells with a cell suicide module in a programmable manner. With this circuit, the engineered Escherichia coli cells are programmed to express Hg²⁺ adsorption protein only when Hg²⁺ concentration is above a certain threshold. Then, cells absorbed with Hg²⁺ can be removed from natural environments with magnetically immobilized strategy and the remaining cells are programmed to be killed by the suicide module when Hg²⁺ concentration drops below a threshold in waterbody. Importantly, the suicide module was carefully optimized to ensure the escape rate is below 10^-9, which meets the recommendation demanded by U. S. NIH guideline. The absorption cells could be reused for 5 cycles, with an Hg²⁺ adsorption efficiency steadily above 95% and escape rates below 10^-9. Thus, the advancement of this study sheds light on using engineered microbes directly in an open circumstance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts