Month: November 2022

M2 amphipathic helices facilitate pH-dependent conformational transition in influenza A virus was written by Torabifard, Hedieh;Panahi, Afra;Brooks, Charles L. Jr.. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020.Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The matrix-2 (M2) protein from influenza A virus is a tetrameric, integral transmembrane (TM) protein that plays a vital role in viral replication by proton flux into the virus. The His37 tetrad is a pH sensor in the center of the M2 TM helix that activates the channel in response to the low endosomal pH. M2 consists of different regions that are believed to be involved in membrane targeting, packaging, nucleocapsid binding, and proton transport. Although M2 has been the target of many exptl. and theor. studies that have led to significant insights into its structure and function under differing conditions, the main mechanism of proton transport, its conformational dynamics, and the role of the amphipathic helixes (AHs) on proton conductance remain elusive. To this end, we have applied explicit solvent constant pH mol. dynamics using the multisite δ>>-dynamics approach (CpHMDMSδ>>D) to investigate the buried ionizable residues comprehensively and to elucidate their effect on the conformational transition. Our model recapitulates the pH-dependent conformational transition of M2 from closed to open state when the AH domain is included in the M2 construct, revealing the role of the amphipathic helixes on this transition and shedding light on the proton-transport mechanism. This work demonstrates the importance of including the amphipathic helixes in future exptl. and theor. studies of ion channels. Finally, our work shows that explicit solvent CpHMDMSδ>>D provides a realistic pH-dependent model for membrane proteins. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The formation of methyl ketones during lipid oxidation at el- evated temperatures was written by Grebenteuch, Sandra;Kanzler, Clemens;Klaussnitzer, Stefan;Kroh, Lothar W.;Rohn, Sascha. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lipid oxidation and the resulting volatile organic compounds are the main reasons for a loss of food quality. In addition to typical compounds, such as alkanes, aldehydes and alcs., Me ketones like heptan-2-one, are repeatedly described as aroma-active substances in various foods. However, it is not yet clear from which precursors Me ketones are formed and what influence amino compounds have on the formation mechanism. In this study, the formation of Me ketones in selected food-relevant fats and oils, as well as in model systems with linoleic acid or pure secondary degradation products (alka-2,4-dienals, alken-2-als, hexanal, and 2-butyloct-2- enal), has been investigated. Elevated temperatures were chosen for simulating processing conditions such as baking, frying, or deep-frying. Up to seven Me ketones in milk fat, vegetable oils, and selected model systems have been determined using static headspace gas chromatog.- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study showed that Me ketones are tertiary lipid oxidation products, as they are derived from secondary degradation products such as deca-2,4-dienal and oct- 2-enal. The study further showed that the position of the double bond in the precursor compound determines the chain length of the Me ketone and that amino compounds promote the formation of Me ketones to a different degree. These compounds influence the profile of the products formed. As food naturally contains lipids as well as amino compounds, the proposed pathways are relevant for the formation of aroma-active Me ketones in food. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study of eighteen typical bisphenol analogues as agonist or antagonist for androgen and glucocorticoid at sub-micromolar concentrations in vitro was written by Ma, Mengmeng;Zhao, Wenyu;Tan, Tianjiao;Hitabatuma, Aloys;Wang, Peilong;Wang, Ruiguo;Su, Xiaoou. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Related Products of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol A and its substitutions are commonly used to manufacture epoxy resins, plastic materials and different kinds of daily necessities. In this process, a large number of bisphenol analogs (BPs) are continuously released directly/indirectly into the environment. Through the chain of environment-feed-farmed-animals-livestock and poultry products, BPs present the low concentration but chronic exposure for surroundings and environment. In addition, BPs have been revealed by extensive studies as emerging endocrine disruptors, whose effects on androgens/glucocorticoids have rarely been mentioned in previous reports. The (anta-) agonist/antagonist properties of 18 classic BPs were investigated in vitro: We assessed the cytotoxicity and examined the luciferase induction values of BPs in MDA-kb2 cells, incubated single or co-incubated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dexamethasone, flutamide and RU486 for 24 h. From the concentration of 10-10 to 10-5 M, BPs had negligible cytotoxicity for MDA-kb2 cells, except for 4,4-(9-Fluorenylidene)diphenol with the IC50 1.32 μM. All 18 BPs had the response to androgen/glucocorticoid receptors (AR/GR). BPs at nanomolar and trace concentrations are agonists, while BPs at micromolar and higher concentrations are antagonists. Mol. docking showed that BPs interact with AR/GR through hydrophobic bonds, hydrogen bonds, T-type π-stacking and water-bridge. These exptl. data demonstrate the universality of the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPs and suggest the urgency of paying attention to the usages of BPs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Related Products of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Related Products of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Global regulatory pathways converge to control expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili was written by Coggan, Kimberly A.;Higgs, Matthew G.;Brutinel, Evan D.;Marden, Jeremiah N.;Intile, Peter J.;Winther-Larsen, Hanne C.;Koomey, Michael;Yahr, Timothy L.;Wolfgang, Matthew C.. And the article was included in mBio in 2022.Application of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa relies upon type IV pili (Tfp) for host colonization and virulence. Tfp are retractile surface appendages that promote adherence to host tissue and mediate twitching motility, a form of surface-associated translocation. Tfp are composed of a major structural pilin protein (PilA), several less abundant, fiber-associated pilin-like proteins (FimU, PilV, PilW, PilX, and PilE), and a pilus-associated tip adhesin and surface sensor (PilY1). Several proteins critical for Tfp biogenesis and surface sensing are encoded by the fimUpilVWXY1Y2E operon. Tfp biogenesis is regulated by the global transcription factor Vfr and its allosteric effector, cAMP (cAMP). Our investigation into the basis for reduced Tfp production in cAMP/vfr mutants revealed a defect in the expression of the fimU operon. We found that cAMP/Vfr activation of the fimU operon occurs via direct binding of Vfr to a specific fimU promoter sequence. We also refined the role of the AlgZ/AlgR two-component system in fimU regulation by demonstrating that phosphorylation of the response regulator AlgR is required for maximal binding to the fimU promoter region in vitro. Vfr also regulates expression of the algZR operon, revealing an indirect regulatory loop affecting fimU operon transcription. Overall, these results demonstrate that two linked but independent regulatory systems couple the expression of Tfp biogenesis and surface sensing genes and highlight the regulatory complexity governing expression of P. aeruginosa virulence factors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Application of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polydatin glycosides improve monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension injury by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition was written by Chen, Xing;He, Yao;Yu, Zhijie;Zuo, Jianli;Huang, Yan;Ruan, Yi;Zheng, Xiaoyuan;Ma, Yu. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.SDS of cas: 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To study the effect of polydatin on the injury of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT). SD rats were induced to develop PAH injury by a single s.c. injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). From the second day, rats in the administration group were orally given sildenafil (20 mg/kg) and polydatin (30 or 60 mg/kg) for 3 wk. At the end of the experiment, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) index of SD rats was calculated, pathol. damage was assessed by HE staining, transcription levels of target genes were detected by RT-PCR and Elisa, and expression levels of Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) related proteins were detected by immunohistochem. (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Finally, mol. docking anal. was used to verify the interaction of polydatin on the main targets. Polydatin could significantly restore the body function, reduce MCT-induced PAH injury, reduce serum biochem. indexes; polydatin could effectively inhibit EndMT process by decreasing the expression of N-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin; polydatin could down-regulate TAGLN expression and increase PECAM1 expression to reduce pulmonary vascular remodeling. The interaction between polydatin and EndMT target was confirmed by mol. docking operation. Pharmacol. experiments combined with Combining mol. docking was first used to clarify that polydatin can reduce the pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by MCT by inhibiting EndMT. The results of the study provide new ideas for the further treatment of PAH injury. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6SDS of cas: 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tunable expression rate control of a growth-decoupled T7 expression system by L-arabinose only was written by Stargardt, Patrick;Striedner, Gerald;Mairhofer, Juergen. And the article was included in Microbial Cell Factories in 2021.Application of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Precise regulation of gene expression is of utmost importance for the production of complex membrane proteins (MP), enzymes or other proteins toxic to the host cell. In this article we show that genes under control of a normally Iso-Pr β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible PT7-lacO promoter can be induced solely with L-arabinose in a newly constructed Escherichia coli expression host BL21-AI<gp2>, a strain based on the recently published approach of bacteriophage inspired growth-decoupled recombinant protein production Here, we show that BL21-AI<gp2> is able to precisely regulate protein production rates on a cellular level in an L-arabinose concentration-dependent manner and simultaneously allows for reallocation of metabolic resources due to L-arabinose induced growth decoupling by the phage derived inhibitor peptide Gp2. We have successfully characterized the system under relevant fed-batch like conditions in microscale cultivation (800μL) and generated data proofing a relevant increase in specific yields for 6 different Escherichia coli derived MP-GFP fusion proteins by using online-GFP signals, FACS anal., SDS-PAGE and western blotting. In all cases tested, BL21-AI<gp2> outperformed the parental strain BL21-AI, operated in growth-associated production mode. Specific MP-GFP fusion proteins yields have been improved up to 2.7-fold. Therefore, this approach allows for fine tuning of MP production or expression of multi-enzyme pathways where e.g. particular stoichiometries have to be met to optimize product flux. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Application of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nanoscale Spatiotemporal Diffusion Modes Measured by Simultaneous Confocal and Stimulated Emission Depletion Nanoscopy Imaging was written by Schneider, Falk;Waithe, Dominic;Galiani, Silvia;Bernardino de la Serna, Jorge;Sezgin, Erdinc;Eggeling, Christian. And the article was included in Nano Letters in 2018.Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The diffusion dynamics in the cellular plasma membrane provide crucial insights into mol. interactions, organization, and bioactivity. Beam-scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy combined with super-resolution stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy (scanning STED-FCS) measures such dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution It reveals nanoscale diffusion characteristics by measuring the mol. diffusion in conventional confocal mode and super-resolved STED mode sequentially for each pixel along the scanned line. However, to directly link the spatial and the temporal information, a method that simultaneously measures the diffusion in confocal and STED modes is needed. Here, to overcome this problem, the authors establish an advanced STED-FCS measurement method, line interleaved excitation scanning STED-FCS (LIESS-FCS), that discloses the mol. diffusion modes at different spatial positions with a single measurement. It relies on fast beam-scanning along a line with alternating laser illumination that yields, for each pixel, the apparent diffusion coefficients for two different observation spot sizes (conventional confocal and super-resolved STED). The authors demonstrate the potential of the LIESS-FCS approach with simulations and experiments on lipid diffusion in model and live cell plasma membranes. The authors also apply LIESS-FCS to study the spatiotemporal organization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in the plasma membrane of live cells, which show multiple diffusion modes at different spatial positions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mixtures modeling identifies heavy metals and pyrethroid insecticide metabolites associated with obesity was written by Nguyen, Hai Duc;Oh, Hojin;Jo, Won Hee;Hoang, Ngoc Hong Minh;Kim, Min-Sun. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.Name: 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We aim to examine the association between chem. mixtures and obesity. Blood and urinary levels of tween-six chems. were measured in adults who participated in the KoNEHS. We identified the associations of chems. with obesity using linear regression models. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were conducted as secondary analyses. Of the 3,692 participants included in the anal., 18.0% had obesity. In the logistic regression model, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and 3PBA levels were associated with obesity, and significant trends were observed for these chem. tertiles (p < 0.001). Hg, Pb, and 3PBA levels were also associated with BMI. The WQS index was significantly associated with both obesity (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 2.11-2.20) and BMI (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.37-0.51). The qgcomp index also found a significant association between chems. and both obesity (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.56-1.85) and BMI (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.39-0.41). Hg, Pb, and 3PBA were the most heavily weighed chems. in these models. In BKMR anal., the overall effect of the mixture was significantly associated with obesity. Hg, Pb, and 3PBA showed pos. trends and were observed as the most important factors associated with obesity. Given increasing exposure to chems., there is a need to investigate the associations between chem. exposures, either sep. or together, and incident obesity risk factors in well-characterized cohorts of different populations, and to identify potential approaches to chem. exposure prevention. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Name: 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polydatin, A glycoside of resveratrol, is better than resveratrol in alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fructose diet was written by Zhao, Guangshan;Yang, Lian;Zhong, Wenshen;Hu, Yuze;Tan, Yu;Ren, Zhe;Ban, Qiuyan;Yang, Chung S.;Wang, Yifei;Wang, Zhiping. And the article was included in Frontiers in Nutrition in 2022.Synthetic Route of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Resveratrol (RES) is considered to be an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with many reported health benefits. Polydatin (POD) is a natural precursor and glycosylated form of RES. The glycoside structure of POD alters the bioactivity. Overnutrition-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote the AMPK suppression and metabolic dysregulation. The present work compared the effects of POD and RES in ameliorating energy homeostasis imbalance in mice fed a high-fructose diet and elucidated the underlying mechanisms of action. Our results showed that POD elevated the fecal levels of valeric acid and caproic acid via modification of gut microbiota, while RES did not significantly influence the levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Both POD and RES markedly decreased the oxidative stress and activated the AMPK signaling pathways in the liver. POD and RES exerted a similar effect in alleviating glucose dysmetabolism, but POD was more effective in ameliorating lipid dysmetabolism than RES. Furthermore, valeric acid and caproic acid alone can activate the AMPK and ameliorate hypercholesterolemia, and enhance the effects of POD on improving lipid metabolism in mice. Overall, for the first time, we demonstrated that POD administration elevated the fecal levels of valeric acid and caproic acid by modifying gut microbiota, thus promoting AMPK activation may be the underlying mechanism that POD is superior to RES in alleviating the lipid dysmetabolism. Our results suggest that POD may be an alternative for RES as an AMPK activator. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Synthetic Route of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The rice phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C3 is involved in responses to osmotic stresses via modulating ROS homeostasis was written by Yu, Min;Cao, Chunyan;Yin, Xiaoming;Liu, Xiong;Yang, Di;Gong, Chunyan;Wang, Hengtao;Wu, Yan. And the article was included in Plant Science (Shannon, Ireland) in 2021.Related Products of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Four members of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) are predicted in rice genome. Although the involvement of OsPLC1 and OsPLC4 in the responses of rice to salt and drought stresses has been documented, the role of OsPLC3 in which, yet, is elusive. Here, we report that OsPLC3 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues during the development of rice. The expression of YFP-tagged OsPLC3 was observed at the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasm and nucleus of rice protoplasts, onion epidermal cells and tobacco leaves. The catalytic activity of OsPLC3 was measured using the thin-layer chromatog. (TLC) method. The inhibition of OsPLC3 expression was detected in the treatments of NaCl and mannitol. Overexpression (OE) of OsPLC3 produced plants showing more sensitive to osmotic stresses when they were compared to the wild-type (HJ) and osplc3 mutants, the phenomena such as decreased plant fresh weight and increased water loss rate (WLR) were observed Under the treatment of NaCl or mannitol, expressions of a subset osmotic stress-related genes were altered, in both OE and osplc3 mutant lines. In addition, the expressions and the enzyme activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were significantly decreased in OE lines, leading to over-accumulation of ROS together with less osmotic adjustment substances including proline, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in OE plants which caused the growth inhibition. Thus, our results suggested that, via modulating ROS homeostasis, OsPLC3 is involved in responses to the osmotic stress in rice. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Related Products of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts