Month: November 2022

Outdoor exposure and accelerated weathering of polyurethane/polysiloxane hybrid coatings was written by Gao, Tongzhai;He, Zhouying;Hihara, Lloyd H.;Mehr, Hamideh Shokouhi;Soucek, Mark D.. And the article was included in Progress in Organic Coatings in 2019.Computed Properties of C9H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Two Polyurethane/polysiloxane hybrid coatings were compared using both real time exposure and accelerated weathering. The urethane coatings were differentiated by oligoesters selection with one being derived from cyclohexane diacids (CHDA) and 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (BEPD) and the other adipic acid (AA), isophthalic acid (IPA), 1,6-hexanediol (HD), and trimethylol propane (TMP). Three sites in Hawaii, Campbell Industrial Park (CIP), Kilauea Volcano, and Marine Corp Base Hawaii (MCBH), were selected for the outdoor exposure test with the increasing severity of the environment. After weathering, the coatings were analyzed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid state ¹³C NMR (NMR), Dynamic mech. anal. (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Urethanes based on cycloaliphatic oligoesters exhibited much better appearance compared to the aromatic-based polyesters. A degradation of both the carbamate and ester functionality was observed spectroscopically which was accompanied by an increase in Tg, and erosion of the surface of the coatings. It was found that the accelerated weathering test conducted in weatherometer provides harsher conditions than the three outdoor exposure tests (marine, volcano, and industrial park), while marine is the harshest among the three outdoor exposure sites. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Computed Properties of C9H20O2).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C9H20O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Non-radical mechanism and toxicity analysis of β-cyclodextrin functionalized biochar catalyzing the degradation of bisphenol A and its analogs by peroxydisulfate was written by Pei, Xuan-Yuan;Ren, Hong-Yu;Liu, Guo-Shuai;Cao, Guang-Li;Xie, Guo-Jun;Xing, De-Feng;Ren, Nan-Qi;Liu, Bing-Feng. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenols (BPs) are distributed in worldwide as typical environmental hormones, which potentially harm the ecol. environment and human health. In this study, four BPs, i.e., bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and bisphenol AF, were used as prototypes to identify the intrinsic differences in degradation mechanisms correlated with the mol. structures in peroxydisulfate (PDS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Electron transfer was the main way of modified biochar to trigger the heterogenous catalysis of PDS, which can cause the degradation of BPs. Phenolic hydroxyl groups on bisphenol pollutants were considered as possible active sites, and the existence of substituents was the main reason for the differentiation in the degradation efficiency of various bisphenols. Results of ecotoxicity prediction showed that most intermediates produced by the degradation of BPs in the β-SB/PDS system, which was dominated by the electron transfer pathway, had a lower toxicity than the parent mols., while the toxicity of several ring cleavage intermediates was higher. This study presents a simple modification scheme for the conversion of biochar into functional catalysts and provides insights into the mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic degradation mediated by modified biochar as well as the degradation differences of bisphenol pollutants and their potential ecotoxicity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Root metabolic plasticity underlies functional diversity in mycorrhiza-enhanced stress tolerance in tomato was written by Rivero, Javier;Alvarez, Domingo;Flors, Victor;Azcon-Aguilar, Concepcion;Pozo, Maria J.. And the article was included in New Phytologist in 2018.COA of Formula: C8H10ClNO3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Summary : Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses can improve plant tolerance to multiple stresses. We compared three AM fungi (AMF) from different genera, one of them isolated from a dry and saline environment, in terms of their ability to increase tomato tolerance to moderate or severe drought or salt stress. Plant physiol. parameters and metabolic profiles were compared in order to find the mol. mechanisms underlying plant protection against stress. Mycorrhizal growth response was determined, and ultrahigh-performance LC-MS was used to compare the metabolic profile of plants under the different treatments. All AMF increased plant tolerance to stress, and the pos. effects of the symbiosis were correlated with the severity of the stress. The AMF isolated from the stressful environment was the most effective in improving plant tolerance to salt stress. Differentially accumulated compounds were identified and the antistress properties of some of them were confirmed. We demonstrate that AM symbioses increase plant metabolic plasticity to cope with stress. Some responses were common to all AMF tested, while others were specifically related to particular isolates. Important metabolism reprograming was evidenced upon salt stress, and we identified metabolic pathways and compounds differentially accumulated in mycorrhizas that may underlie their enhanced tolerance to stress. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5COA of Formula: C8H10ClNO3).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C8H10ClNO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Occurrence, spatial distribution, and main source identification of ten bisphenol analogues in the dry season of the Pearl River, South China was written by Wang, Hao;Tang, Zhao;Liu, Ze-hua;Zeng, Feng;Zhang, Jun;Dang, Zhi. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.Safety of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol analogs (BPs) including bisphenol a (BPA) have been broadly utilized as industrial feedstocks and unavoidably discharged into water bodies. However, there is little published data on the occurrence, distribution, and environmental risks of other BPs in surface water. In this study, ten BPs besides BPA were analyzed in surface water from the Pearl River, South China. Among these detected BPs, BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol S (BPS) were the most frequently detected compounds The median concentrations of the measured BPs were ranked in the order of BPA (34.9 ng/L) > BPS (24.8 ng/L) > BPAF (10.1 ng/L) > bisphenol F (BPF) (9.0 ng/L) > bisphenol B (BPB) (7.6 ng/L) > bisphenol C (BPC) (1.2 ng/L). Among them, BPA and BPS were predominant BPs, contributing 68% of the total ten BPs in surface water of the Pearl River. These results demonstrated that BPA and BPS were the most extensively utilized and manufactured BPs in this region. The source anal. of BPs suggested that the BPs may be originated from domestic wastewater, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and the leaching of microplastic in surface water of the Pearl River. The calculated BP-derived estrogenic activity exhibited low to medium risks in surface water, but their combined estrogenic effects with other endocrine disrupting compounds should not be ignored. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Safety of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of the impact of aquaculture facilities on transplanted mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Integrating plasticizers and physiological analyses as a biomonitoring strategy was written by Rios-Fuster, Beatriz;Alomar, Carme;Capo, Xavier;Paniagua Gonzalez, Gema;Garcinuno Martinez, Rosa Maria;Soliz Rojas, Dulce Lucy;Silva, Monica;Fernandez Hernando, Pilar;Sole, Montserrat;Freitas, Rosa;Deudero, Salud. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The growing plastic production and its continuous use is a significant problem. In addition, aquaculture practices have experienced a considerable growth and plastic is widely used in these activities, hence plasticizers must be considered due to their potential ecotoxicol. impacts on species. Mussels placed inside an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system and at two control locations were employed to quantify the ingestion of anthropogenic particles and associated chem. plasticizers, such as bisphenol A (BPA) jointly to bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), and phthalates represented by di-Et phthalate (DEP), di-Bu phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). In addition, some metabolism and oxidative stress related parameters were measured in mussels whole soft tissue. Anthropogenic particle ingestion of mussels increased over time at the three locations and the following order of abundance of pollutants was observed: BPA> BPF> DEHP> DBP> BPS> DEP. Even though no differences according to location were found for pollutants occurrence, time trends were evidenced for BPA and DEHP. On the other hand, a location effect was observed for biomarkers with highest values detected in mussels located at the vicinities of the aquaculture facility. In addition, a reduced detoxification activity was observed over time parallel to BPA decrease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Molecular chirality mediated amyloid formation on phospholipid surfaces was written by Wang, Xue;Wang, Cunli;Chu, Huiying;Qin, Haijuan;Wang, Dongdong;Xu, Feifei;Ai, Xuanjun;Quan, Chunshan;Li, Guohui;Qing, Guangyan. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2020.Application of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

One of the neuropathol. features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the misfolding of amyloid-β to form amyloid aggregates, a process highly associated with biol. membranes. However, how mol. chirality affects the amyloid formation on phospholipid surfaces has seldom been reported. Here, L- and D-aspartic acid-modified 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (L-/D-Asp-DPPE) is synthesized to construct chiral phospholipid bilayers. We discover that the L-Asp-DPPE liposomes slightly inhibit the Aβ(1-40) nucleation process but cannot affect the oligomer elongation process. By contrast, the D-Asp-DPPE liposomes strongly inhibit both nucleation and elongation of the peptide. Notably, L- and D-Asp-DPPE liposomes not only have good biocompatibility but can also rescue Aβ(1-40)-aggregation induced cytotoxicity with significant chiral discrimination, in which the cell viability is higher in the presence of D-Asp-DPPE liposomes. Mechanism anal. and mol. dynamics simulation clearly demonstrate that differential electrostatic interactions of Lys16 in Aβ(1-40) with L- or D-Asp on the phospholipid contribute to the remarkable chiral discrimination. This study provides a deeper understanding of the crucial amyloidosis process from the perspective of the chiral interface and reveals that the convergence of D-amino acids with the liposomes might be a feasible route for AD prevention. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Application of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Solar assisted catalytic thermochemical processes: pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae was written by Aparecida da Silveira Rossi, Raissa;Barbosa, Janaina Miranda;Antonio de Souza Barrozo, Marcos;Martins Vieira, Luiz Gustavo. And the article was included in Renewable Energy in 2021.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Thermochem. processes using solar energy are considered promising approaches. To improve the product properties, alternative techniques have also been investigated, including the use of catalyst and hydrogen atm. These techniques individually have proved to be efficient to overcome some inherent challenges of this process. However, they have never been studied as an integrated process. Thus, in this work the solar assisted catalytic hydropyrolysis process using microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as biomass source and hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxides as catalyst (in an ex-situ approach) was successfully investigated as an integrated approach. The effects of reaction time and catalyst percentage on the product distribution and the bio-oil content produced from distinct processes: ex-situ catalytic solar pyrolysis (CSP) and ex-situ catalytic solar hydropyrolysis (CSH) were investigated. The hydrogen used in CSH has been produced by solar aqueous alk. electrolysis. The results showed that CSH produced higher liquid yields than CSP, reaching 48.83% in its best condition. The content of oxygenated compounds in bio-oil produced by hydropyrolysis was, on average, about 12% lower than that obtained by CSP. However, CSP presented individual tests with less nitrogenated (6.01%) and oxygenated (22.49%) compounds The hydrocarbon production reached 35.58% for CSP and 37.01% for CSH. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spurge (Euphorbia rigida) exhibits anaesthetic effect in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) without altering plasma cortisol levels was written by Alagoz, Kerem;Parug, Senol;Tastan, Yigit;Bilen, Soner;Sonmez, Adem Yavuz. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2021.Name: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study was conducted to investigate a potential new organic anesthetic for aquaculture practices. Aqueous macerate of spurge stem (Euphorbia rigida) was obtained by adding 200 g of plant powder to 1.5 L of distilled water and applied to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at 5 different concentrations (30000, 40000, 50000, 60000 and 70000μL L^-1) to determine induction (loss of equilibrium and deep anesthesia) and recovery (recovery of equilibrium and full recovery) durations. In addition, plasma cortisol levels of fish within 0 h were determined to evaluate stress response. It was determined that there were 4 concentrations that can be used as suitable anesthetics for rainbow trout: 40000, 50000, 60000 and 70000μL L^-1. These concentrations provided deep anesthesia in 196.67±1.45, 173.00±11.24, 138.33±8.29 and 136.33±5.23 s, resp. Plasma cortisol levels of the mentioned groups were measured as 4.49±1.04, 8.64±0.73, 8.18±0.64 and 9.64±0.78 ng mL^-1, resp. On the other hand, the plasma cortisol level of the control group (anesthetized with 2-phenoxyethanol) was 10.95±0.89 ng mL^-1. These findings suggest that 40000-70000μl L^-1 of E. rigida can be used as an alternative anesthetic in rainbow trout. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the long term effects of the plant, especially in consecutive use. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Name: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly expressed soluble recombinant Anti-GFP VHHs in Escherichia colivia optimized signal peptides, strains, and inducers was written by Chao, Shuangying;Liu, Yuhang;Ding, Ning;Lin, Yue;Wang, Qian;Tan, Junwen;Li, Wei;Zheng, Yang;Hu, Xuejun;Li, Junming. And the article was included in Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences in 2022.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Antigen-binding variable domains of the H chain of heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs), also known as nanobodies (Nbs), are of great interest in imaging technique, disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. High-level expression of soluble Nbs is very important for its industrial production In this study, we optimized the expression system of anti-green fluorescent protein (GFP) VHHs with three different signal peptides (SPs), outer-membrane protein A (OmpA), pectate lyase B (PelB), and L-asparaginase II SP (L-AsPsII), in different Escherichia coli strains via iso-Pr β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction and autoinduction, resp. The solubility of recombinant anti-GFP VHHs with PelB or OmpA was significantly enhanced to the same extent by IPTG induction and autoinduction in BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain and the maximum yield of target protein reached approx. 0.4 mg/l in a shake flask. The binding activity of recombinant anti-GFP VHHs was also confirmed to be retained by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). These results suggest that SPs like OmpA and PelB could efficiently improve the recombinant anti-GFP VHH solubility without changing its bioactivity, providing a novel strategy to optimize the E. coli expression system of soluble VHHs, and lay the foundation for the industrial production of soluble recombinant anti-GFP VHHs and the research of other VHHs in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Tetrahydrogeranyl Quaternary Ammonium Salts was written by Peng, Yun;Chang, Jiayu;Xiao, Zhuangquan;Huang, Jiazong;Xu, Ting;Chen, Shangxing;Fan, Guorong;Liao, Shengliao;Wang, Zongde;Luo, Hai. And the article was included in Natural Product Communications in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H22O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Due to the excessive use of antifungal agents, drug resistance and ecol. problems are increasing. Some antifungal agents are difficult to degrade and have high toxicity and several side effects. In this study, 15 novel tetrahydrogeranyl quaternary ammonium salts (8a-8o) were synthesized from the natural compound citral. The structures of the quaternary ammonium salts were characterized by Fourier transform IR, proton NMR, carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, and the antifungal activities of these compounds at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL against 10 plant pathogenic fungi were tested. The results showed that compound 8i had the best antifungal activity, and its inhibition rates against Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, Sphaeropsis sapinea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and Poria vaporaria reached 100%. For Fusarium verticillioides, the inhibition rate of compound 8i was 93.28%, which was higher than that of chlorothalonil. In addition, it was found that the inhibition rates of compounds with N,N-di-Pr group (8l, 8m) against R solani, F oxysporum f. sp. niveum, S sapinea, P parasitica var. nicotianae, F verticillioides, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Coriolus versicolor were higher than compounds with N,N-di-Et and N,N-di-Me groups (8a, 8b, 8j, 8k). The inhibition rates of compounds with morpholine groups (8n, 8o) were generally low. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8COA of Formula: C10H22O).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.COA of Formula: C10H22O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts