Month: October 2022

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 7748-36-9, formula is C3H6O2, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , Safety of Oxetan-3-ol

Lu, Hongfu;Yang, Ting;Xu, Zhongmiao;Lin, Xichen;Ding, Qian;Zhang, Yueting;Cai, Xin;Dong, Kelly;Gong, Sophie;Zhang, Wei;Patel, Metul;Copley, Royston C. B.;Xiang, Jianing;Guan, Xiaoming;Wren, Paul;Ren, Feng research published 《 Discovery of Novel 1-Cyclopentenyl-3-phenylureas as Selective, Brain Penetrant, and Orally Bioavailable CXCR2 Antagonists》, the research content is summarized as follows. CXCR2 has emerged as a therapeutic target for not only peripheral inflammatory diseases but also neurol. abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we describe the discovery of a novel 1-cyclopentenyl-3-phenylurea series as potent and CNS penetrant CXCR2 antagonists. Extensive SAR studies, wherein mols.’ property forecast index (PFI) was carefully optimized for overall balanced developability profiles, led to the discovery of the advanced lead compound I with a desirable PFI. Compound I demonstrated good in vitro pharmacol. with excellent selectivity over CXCR1 and other chemokine receptors. Rat and dog pharmacokinetics (PK) revealed good oral bioavailability, high oral exposure, and desirable elimination half-life of the compound in both species. In addition, the compound demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in the in vivo pharmacol. neutrophil infiltration “air pouch” model in rodents after oral administration. Further, compound I is a CNS penetrant mol. with high unbound fraction in brain tissue.

7748-36-9, Oxetan-3-ol is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C3H6O2 and its molecular weight is 74.08 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Oxetan-3-ol is a synthetic hydroxy compound with the chemical formula C6H12O3. It is an organic solvent that can be used in reactions involving vinyl alcohol and oxetane, such as ring-opening polymerization and cationic polymerization. Oxetan-3-ol has also been shown to react with ethyl bromoacetate to form the corresponding oxetane, which can be used as a bioisostere for chloropropane, a potential replacement for chlorofluorocarbons., Safety of Oxetan-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Some low molecular weight alcohols of industrial importance are produced by the addition of water to alkenes. 72824-04-5, formula is C9H17BO2, Ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol are produced by this general method. Two implementations are employed, the direct and indirect methods. Application In Synthesis of 72824-04-5

Lopez-Grancha, Matilde;Bernardelli, Patrick;Moindrot, Nicolas;Genet, Elisabeth;Vincent, Carine;Roudieres, Valerie;Krick, Alain;Sabuco, Jean-Francois;Machnik, David;Ibghi, Delphine;Pradier, Laurent;Taupin, Veronique research published 《 A novel selective PKR inhibitor restores cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease experimental models》, the research content is summarized as follows. In Alzheimer disease (AD), the double-strand RNA-dependent kinase protein kinase R (PKR )/EIF2AK2 is activated in brain with increased phosphorylation of its substrate eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). AD risk-promoting factors, such as ApoE4 allele or the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), have been associated with activation of PKR-dependent signaling. Here, we report the discovery of a novel potent and selective PKR inhibitor (SAR439883) and demonstrate its neuroprotective pharmacol. activity in AD exptl. models. In ApoE4 human replacement male mice, 1-wk oral treatment with SAR439883 rescued short-term memory impairment in the spatial object recognition test and dose-dependently reduced learning and memory deficits in the Barnes maze test. Moreover, in AβO-injected male mice, a 2-wk administration of SAR439883 in diet dose-dependently ameliorated the AβO-induced cognitive impairment in both Y-maze and Morris Water Maze, prevented loss of synaptic proteins, and reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. In both mouse models, these effects were associated with a dose-dependent inhibition of brain PKR activity as measured by both PKR occupancy and partial lowering of peIF2α levels. Our results provide evidence that selective pharmacol. inhibition of PKR by a small selective mol. can rescue memory deficits and prevent neurodegeneration in animal models of AD-like pathol., suggesting that inhibition of PKR is a potential therapeutic approach for AD.

Application In Synthesis of 72824-04-5, Allylboronic acid pinacol ester is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C9H17BO2 and its molecular weight is 168.04 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Allylboronic acid pinacol ester is an allylation reagent that is used to produce aldehydes from ketones. It reacts with water, yielding the desired product and formaldehyde as a byproduct. The reaction proceeds through a sequence of steps, in which the boronate ester first reacts with water to form an allylboronate ion and hydrogen gas. This intermediate then reacts with potassium t-butoxide to produce the desired allyl alcohol and potassium borohydride. Finally, the palladium complex catalyst reduces the carbonyl group of the starting material, converting it into an aldehyde. Allylboronic acid pinacol ester is commercially available as a white solid, but can also be synthesized from 2-chloro-5-pinacolylborane (pinacol) in high yield using catalytic cross coupling reactions., 72824-04-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Application In Synthesis of 533-73-3, In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom. 533-73-3, name is Benzene-1,2,4-triol, An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest examples, includes all compounds which conform to the general formula CnH2n+1OH.

Liu, Yuxin;Caruso, James;Zhang, Haoran research published 《 Developing an effective approach for microbial biosynthesis of hydroxyhydroquinone》, the research content is summarized as follows. Hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) is an aromatic triol with important biol. activities and values. In this work, we achieved de novo HHQ bioprodn. using glucose as the substrate. First, we established a cultivation method to address the issue of HHQ degradation in an aqueous solution Second, an artificial biosynthesis pathway was constituted in E. coli to enable the conversion of glucose to HHQ via 4-hydroxybenzoate. Moreover, microbial co-culture engineering techniques were utilized to modularize the biosynthesis pathway and improve the HHQ production to 64 mg/L within 48 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report of heterologous biosynthesis of HHQ using a microbial host. The findings of this work lay a solid foundation for future efforts in microbial bioprodn. of HHQ and related biochems.

Application In Synthesis of 533-73-3, Benzene-1, 2, 4-triol, also known as hydroxyhydroquinone or 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyquinols and derivatives. Hydroxyquinols and derivatives are compounds containing a 1, 2, 4-trihydroxybenzene moiety. Benzene-1, 2, 4-triol is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, benzene-1, 2, 4-triol can be found in tea. This makes benzene-1, 2, 4-triol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzene-1,2,4-triol is a benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. It has a role as a mouse metabolite.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a metabolite of benzene.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is an intermediary metabolite of benzene that is present in roasted coffee beans. It is mutagenic and it causes cleaving of DNA single strands by the generation of reactive oxygen species.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a reactive molecule that has been shown to have hydrogen bonding interactions with copper chloride. It has been proposed as an inhibitor of methyltransferase, which is involved in the synthesis of methionine. Studies have shown that 1,2,4-Benzenetriol can also inhibit iron homeostasis and transfer reactions. The x-ray diffraction data for this compound shows that it forms a complex with the hydroxyl group. This complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxylic proton of the 1,2,4-benzenetriol molecule. 1,2,4-Benzenetriol has been shown to be toxic to HL-60 cells and K562 cells at concentrations greater than 5 mM. It has also been found to be effective against chlorogenic acids and other compounds in energy metabolism studies at concentrations between 0.5 and 2 mM., 533-73-3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 647-42-7, formula is C8H5F13O, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , Electric Literature of 647-42-7

Liu, Yong-Zhe;Pan, Li-Hua;Bai, Yu;Yang, Kun;Dong, Pei-Pei;Fang, Zhong-Ze research published 《 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exert strong inhibition towards human carboxylesterases》, the research content is summarized as follows. PFASs are highly persistent in both natural and living environment, and pose a significant risk for wildlife and human beings. The present study was carried out to determine the inhibitory behaviors of fourteen PFASs on metabolic activity of two major isoforms of carboxylesterases (CES). The probe substrates 2-(2-benzoyl-3-methoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (BMBT) for CES1 and fluorescein diacetate (FD) for CES2 were utilized to determine the inhibitory potentials of PFASs on CES in vitro. The results demonstrated that perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA) strongly inhibited CES1 and CES2. The half inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) value of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA for CES1 inhibition was 10.6μM, 13.4μM and 12.6μM, resp. The IC₅₀ for the inhibition of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA towards CES2 were calculated to be 9.56μM, 17.2μM and 8.73μM, resp. PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA exhibited noncompetitive inhibition towards both CES1 and CES2. The inhibition kinetics parameters (K_i) were 27.7μM, 26.9μM, 11.9μM, 4.04μM, 29.1μM, 27.4μM for PFDoA-CES1, PFTA-CES1, PFOcDA-CES1, PFDoA-CES2, PFTA-CES2, PFOcDA-CES2, resp. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) predicted that when the plasma concentrations of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA were greater than 2.77μM, 2.69μM and 1.19μM, resp., it might interfere with the metabolic reaction catalyzed by CES1 in vivo; when the plasma concentrations of PFDoA, PFTA and PFOcDA were greater than 0.40μM, 2.91μM, 2.74μM, it might interfere with the metabolic reaction catalyzed by CES2 in vivo. Mol. docking was used to explore the interactions between PFASs and CES. In conclusion, PFASs were found to cause inhibitory effects on CES in vitro, and this finding would provide an important exptl. basis for further in-vivo testing of PFASs focused on CES inhibition endpoints.

Electric Literature of 647-42-7, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctan-1-ol, also known as 1H,1H, 2H, 2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol , is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H5F13O and its molecular weight is 364.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

1H,1H, 2H, 2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol is a material used to improve nanotube composites. It is also used in the synthesis of a recyclable fluorous hydrazine carbothioate compound with NCS to catalyze the acetalization of aldehydes.

1H,1H,2H,2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol is a potent and selective halogenated hydrocarbon. It binds to DNA at the dinucleotide phosphate site, which is an important site for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) activation. 1HFN has been shown to be more effective than other halogenated hydrocarbons in vitro assays on rat liver microsomes. It has been used as an additive in wastewater treatment to remove organic contaminants and metal ions. In vivo studies have been carried out in CD-1 mice to determine the effects of 1HFN on the liver and kidneys; these studies showed no toxicological effects on these organs. 1HFN also has been shown to inhibit enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and monoamine oxidase B that are involved in drug metabolism and may lead to adverse reactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes., 647-42-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

With respect to acute toxicity, simple alcohols have low acute toxicities. Doses of several milliliters are tolerated. 141699-55-0, formula is C8H15NO3, For pentanols, hexanols, octanols and longer alcohols, LD50 range from 2–5 g/kg (rats, oral). Ethanol is less acutely toxic.All alcohols are mild skin irritants. Application In Synthesis of 141699-55-0

Liu, Yongfu;Wu, Jun;Zhou, Mingwei;Chen, Wenming;Li, Dongbo;Wang, Zhanguo;Hornsperger, Benoit;Aebi, Johannes D.;Marki, Hans-Peter;Kuhn, Bernd;Wang, Lisha;Kuglstatter, Andreas;Benz, Jorg;Muller, Stephan;Hochstrasser, Remo;Ottaviani, Giorgio;Xin, Jian;Kirchner, Stephan;Mohr, Susanne;Verry, Philippe;Riboulet, William;Shen, Hong C.;Mayweg, Alexander V.;Amrein, Kurt;Tan, Xuefei research published 《 Discovery of 3-Pyridyl Isoindolin-1-one Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) Inhibitors》, the research content is summarized as follows. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors have been explored in recent years as an alternative therapeutic option to mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists to reduce elevated aldosterone levels, which are associated with deleterious effects on various organ systems including the heart, vasculature, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS). A benzamide pyridine hit derived from a focused screen was successfully developed into a series of potent and selective 3-pyridyl isoindolin-1-ones CYP11B2 inhibitors. Our systematic structure-activity relationship study enabled us to identify unique structural features that result in high selectivity against the closely homologous cortisol synthase (CYP11B1). We evaluated advanced lead mols., exemplified by compound 52, in an in vivo cynomolgus monkey acute adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge model and demonstrated a superior 100-fold in vivo selectivity against CYP11B1.

141699-55-0, Tert-butyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H15NO3 and its molecular weight is 173.21 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

Tert-butyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate has been shown to be a good substrate for the preparation of N-protected amino alcohols and amines by the process of reductive amination. In this synthesis, tert-butyl azetidinium chloride is used as a catalyst in the reaction with sodium hydroxide. The tert-butyl group can be removed using ammonium hydroxide in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. This reaction can be performed on a large scale, making it useful in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. The efficiency and solubility of this process make it suitable for use as an introduction to other processes involving N-protected amino alcohols or amines., Application In Synthesis of 141699-55-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In general, the hydroxyl group makes alcohols polar. 16545-68-9, formula is C3H6O, Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Liu, Yongfeng;Sheng, Yuqi;Wei, Ping;Zhang, Lu;Yao, Shengzhuo;Liu, Haifeng;Sun, Hua research published 《 The Third Body Effect of Carbon Dioxide on N-heptane Ignition Delay Characteristics under O₂/CO₂ Conditions》, the research content is summarized as follows. In order to study the impact of CO₂ during n-heptane ignition delay under O₂/CO₂ conditions, this study presents a numerical and exptl. study in four cases (40 mol.% O₂/60 mol.% CO₂, 50 mol.% O₂/50 mol.% CO₂, 57 mol.% O₂/43 mol.% CO₂ and 65 mol.% O₂/35 mol.% CO₂). Firstly, a third body effect (TBE) model is presented, which considers the third body efficiency of CO₂. Secondly, the TBE model adds the third body efficiency into a one-step global mechanism and obtains an ignition delay time formula according to the auto-ignition theory. Thirdly, experiments are carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) test system. Furthermore, the experiment and simulation results are compared and discussed. In addition, two parameters (α and β) are defined to study the third body effect and the chem. effect of CO₂ resp. Finally, chem. kinetic analyses are used to study the CO₂ effect. The results show that the TBE model is in agreement with the experiment and the maximum difference is 8.94% under the 57 mol.% O₂/43 mol.% CO₂ condition. The third body effect is the main effect of CO₂ and it can decrease small mol. intermediates and radicals. Besides, C₃H₆O is the most affected species by the third body effect of CO₂ among four prominent intermediate species. Furthermore, the third body effect of CO₂ inhibits most paths of OH production H+ O₂→O+ OH (R11) is the most affected pathway whose peak rate of production (ROP) decreases by 51.5%.

Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, Cyclopropanol is a cyclopropane in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a member of cyclopropanes and an aliphatic alcohol.
Cyclopropanol is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C3H6O and its molecular weight is 58.08 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Cyclopropanol is a cyclic organic compound that is synthesized from sodium hydroxide solution, nitrogen atoms, and carbonyl groups. Cyclopropanol has shown inhibitory effects on inflammatory bowel disease in rats. This drug also inhibits the production of hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which can lead to ulcers. Cyclopropanol has been found to be effective against bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This drug has been shown to have strong antioxidant properties, which may be due to its ability to reduce hydroxyl radicals., 16545-68-9.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts