Month: October 2022

Choi, Seon-Hee; Lee, Dong-Yeon; Kang, Sohi; Lee, Min-Kyung; Lee, Jae-Heun; Lee, Sang-Heon; Lee, Hye-Lim; Lee, Hyo-Young; Jeong, Young-IL published their research in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021. The article was titled 《Caffeic acid phenethyl ester-incorporated radio-sensitive nanoparticles of phenylboronic acid pinacol ester-conjugated hyaluronic acid for application in radioprotection》.COA of Formula: C12H17BO2 The article contains the following contents:

We synthesized phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBPE)-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) via thiobis(ethylamine) (TbEA) linkage (abbreviated as HAsPBPE conjugates) to fabricate the radiosensitive delivery of caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE) and for application in radioprotection. PBPE was primarily conjugated with TbEA and then PBPE-TbEA conjugates were conjugated again with hyaluronic acid using carbodiimide chem. CAPE-incorporated nanoparticles of HAsPBPE were fabricated by the nanopptn. method and then the organic solvent was removed by dialysis. CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles have a small particle size of about 80 or 100 nm and they have a spherical shape. When CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles were irradiated, nanoparticles became swelled or disintegrated and their morphologies were changed. Furthermore, the CAPE release rate from HAsPBPE nanoparticles were increased according to the radiation dose, indicating that CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles have radio-sensitivity. CAPE and CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles appropriately prevented radiation-induced cell death and suppressed intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CAPE and CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles efficiently improved survivability of mice from radiation-induced death and reduced apoptotic cell death. We suggest that HAsPBPE nanoparticles are promising candidates for the radio-sensitive delivery of CAPE.4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(cas: 24388-23-6COA of Formula: C12H17BO2) was used in this study.

4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(cas: 24388-23-6) can be used as a substrate in the study of Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of various aryl iodides over SiliaCat Pd(0).COA of Formula: C12H17BO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2022,Nicolai, Stefano; Waser, Jerome published an article in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The title of the article was 《(4+3) Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Azadienes: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Azepanones》.SDS of cas: 126456-43-7 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Herein, the Lewis acid catalyzed (4+3) annulative addition of aryl and amino donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 2-aza-1,3-dienes were reported. Densely substituted azepane derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The reaction occurred under mild conditions with ytterbium triflate as the catalyst. The use of copper triflate with a trisoxazoline (Tox) ligand led to an enantioselective transformation. The obtained cycloadducts were convenient substrates for a series of further modifications, showing the synthetic utility of these compounds In the experimental materials used by the author, we found (1S,2R)-1-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol(cas: 126456-43-7SDS of cas: 126456-43-7)

(1S,2R)-1-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol(cas: 126456-43-7) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.SDS of cas: 126456-43-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2022,Plaza-Pedroche, Rodrigo; Fernandez-Liencres, M. Paz; Jimenez-Pulido, Sonia B.; Illan-Cabeza, Nuria A.; Achelle, Sylvain; Navarro, Amparo; Rodriguez-Lopez, Julian published an article in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. The title of the article was 《Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidines: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Theoretical Studies》.Safety of 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

The development of fluorescence materials with switched on/off emission has attracted great attention owing to the potential application of these materials in chem. sensing. In this work, the photophys. properties of a series of original 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidines were thoroughly studied. The compounds were prepared by following well-established and straightforward methodologies and showed very little or null photoluminescence both in solution and in the solid state. This absence of emission can be explained by a fast proton transfer from the OH group to the nitrogen atoms of the pyrimidine ring to yield an excited tautomer that deactivates through a nonradiative pathway. The key role of the OH group in the emission quenching was demonstrated by the preparation of 2′-unsubstituted derivatives, all of which exhibited violet or blue luminescence. Single crystals of some compounds suitable for an X-ray diffraction anal. could be obtained, which permitted us to investigate inter- and intramol. interactions and mol. packing structures. The protonation of the pyrimidine ring by an addition of trifluoroacetic acid inhibited the excited-state intramol. proton transfer (ESIPT) process, causing a reversible switch on fluorescence response detectable by the naked eye. This acidochromic behavior allows 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidines to be used as solid-state acid-base vapor sensors and anticounterfeiting agents. Extensive d. functional theory and its time-dependent counterpart calculations at the M06-2X/6-31+G** level of theory were performed to rationalize all the exptl. results and understand the impact of protonation on the different optical transitions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid(cas: 89466-08-0Safety of 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid)

2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid(cas: 89466-08-0) belongs to acyl phenylboronic acid. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) has been used to extract β-blockers (a class of aminoalcohol-containing drugs) from aqueous solution, rat, and human plasma. Safety of 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2022,Ansari, Sumaira; Mushtaq, Nousheen; Ahmed, Ahsaan; Asghar, Saira; Munawar, Rabya; Saify, Zafar Saied published an article in Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The title of the article was 《Synthesis, biological screening and docking studies of some indole derivatives as potential antioxidant》.Safety of Oxetan-3-ol The author mentioned the following in the article:

The present study envisioned some antioxidant candidates having 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles I [R = Ph, 4-FC6H4, 2,4,6-tri-MeC6H2, etc.; Y = C(O), C(O)CH2, SO2, C(O)CH2CH2], 3-(2-bromoethyl)indole (BEI) and 7-azindole (AI) nucleus. Derivatives of these indole mols. were synthesized and their scavenging activity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Compounds I [R = biphenyl-4-yl, Y = CH2C(O); R = 2,4,6-tri-MeC6H2, Y = SO2] exhibited significant radical scavenging potential which was comparable to ascorbic acid (standard), while compound I [R = 2-naphthyl, Y = CH2C(O)] appeared as most potent antioxidant by displaying better scavenging activity than standard mol. Mol. docking study revealed good binding score and interactions of compound I [R = 2-naphthyl, Y = CH2C(O)] with target human antioxidant enzyme (PDB code: 3MNG) validating the results of biol. activity. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Oxetan-3-ol(cas: 7748-36-9Safety of Oxetan-3-ol)

Oxetan-3-ol(cas: 7748-36-9) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 5-fluoro-4,6-dialkoxypyrimidine GPR119 agonists. It is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of cyclic sulfone hydroxyethylamines as potent and selective β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors.Safety of Oxetan-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthetic Route of C6H7BO3In 2021 ,《Synthesis of Pyrroles via Consecutive 6π-Electrocyclization/Ring-Contraction of Sulfilimines》 appeared in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The author of the article were Haut, Franz-Lucas; Feichtinger, Niklas J.; Plangger, Immanuel; Wein, Lukas A.; Mueller, Mira; Streit, Tim-Niclas; Wurst, Klaus; Podewitz, Maren; Magauer, Thomas. The article conveys some information:

Authors present a modular, synthetic entry to polysubstituted pyrroles employing readily available 2,5-dihydrothiophenes. Ring-opening of the heterocycle provides access to a panel of 1,3-dienes which underwent pyrrole formation in the presence of inexpensive chloramine-T trihydrate. The transformation is conducted in an open flask and proceeds at ambient temperatures (23°) in nondry solvents. A careful adjustment of the electronics and sterics of the 1,3-diene precursor allows for the isolation of key intermediates. DFT studies identified a reaction mechanism that features a 6π-electrocyclization of a sulfilimine intermediate followed by spontaneous ring-contraction to reveal the pyrrole skeleton. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid(cas: 89466-08-0Synthetic Route of C6H7BO3)

2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid(cas: 89466-08-0) belongs to acyl phenylboronic acid. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) has been used to extract β-blockers (a class of aminoalcohol-containing drugs) from aqueous solution, rat, and human plasma. Synthetic Route of C6H7BO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Application of 627-18-9In 2022 ,《Stimuli-Responsive Polydiacetylene Based on the Self-Assembly of a Mercury-Bridged Macrocyclic Diacetylene Dimer》 was published in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States). The article was written by Bae, Kwangmin; Lee, Dong Geol; Khazi, Mohammed Iqbal; Kim, Jong-Man. The article contains the following contents:

The metal-mediated self-assembly process allows the well-directed and controlled construction of supramol. architectures, and the assembled metal-ligand complexes display diverse functionalities depending on the composition of the complex template. Through the deliberate introduction of a metal-binding nucleobase, cytosine, to the macrocyclic diacetylene (MCDA), a macrocyclic ligand, CytMCDA, was synthesized. On account of the metal affinity of cytosine and the π-π interaction of the diacetylene template, a Hg-coordinated unidirectional columnar self-assembly of CytMCDA was generated that formed into organic nanotubes. The monomeric CytMCDA-Hg is covalently crosslinked to the blue-phase macrocyclic polydiacetylene nanotubes (CytMCPDA-Hg) via UV-induced topochem. polymerization CytMCPDA-Hg displayed a naked-eye-detectable sensing response toward heat and solvents with a brilliant blue-red chromatic transition. Moreover, owing to the high affinity of the mercury complex toward sulfur, CytMCPDA-Hg displayed a high sensitivity against thiols. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 3-Bromopropan-1-ol(cas: 627-18-9Application of 627-18-9)

3-Bromopropan-1-ol(cas: 627-18-9) is used in the synthesis of fluorescent halide-sensitive quinolinium dyes, chiral, quaternary prolines through cyclization of quaternary amino acids and molten salt-polymers. It is utilized for the study of micellar media and in microemulsions based on cationic or a nonionic surfactant by reacting with phenols.Application of 627-18-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthetic Route of C3H8ClNOIn 2020 ,《Design, optimization, and study of small molecules that target tau pre-mRNA and affect splicing》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Chen, Jonathan L.; Zhang, Peiyuan; Abe, Masahito; Aikawa, Haruo; Zhang, Liying; Frank, Alexander J.; Zembryski, Timothy; Hubbs, Christopher; Park, Ha Jeung; Withka, Jane; Steppan, Claire; Rogers, Lucy; Cabral, Shawn; Pettersson, Martin; Wager, Travis T.; Fountain, Matthew A.; Rumbaugh, Gavin; Childs-Disney, Jessica L.; Disney, Matthew D.. The article contains the following contents:

Approx. 95% of human genes are alternatively spliced, and aberrant splicing events can cause disease. One pre-mRNA that is alternatively spliced and linked to neurodegenerative diseases is tau (microtubule-associated protein tau), which can cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) and can contribute to Alzheimer′s disease. Here, we describe the design of structure-specific lead small mols. that directly target tau pre-mRNA from sequence. This was followed by hit expansion and analog synthesis to further improve upon these initial lead mols. The emergent compounds were assessed for functional activity in a battery of assays, including binding assays and an assay that mimics mol. recognition of tau pre-mRNA by a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) splicing factor. Compounds that emerged from these studies had enhanced potency and selectivity for the target RNA relative to the initial hits, while also having significantly improved drug-like properties. The compounds are shown to directly target tau pre-mRNA in cells, via chem. crosslinking and isolation by pull-down target profiling, and to rescue disease-relevant splicing of tau pre-mRNA in a variety of cellular systems, including primary neurons. More broadly, this study shows that lead, structure-specific compounds can be designed from sequence and then further optimized for their physicochem. properties while at the same time enhancing their activity. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas: 18621-18-6Synthetic Route of C3H8ClNO)

Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:18621-18-6) is one of azetidine.Azetidines (azacyclobutanes) constitute a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds. Azetidine scaffold has been discovered in several natural products.Synthetic Route of C3H8ClNO Several pharmacologically important synthetic compounds also contain azetidine ring. Because of inherent ring strain, the synthesis of azetidines is a challenging endeavor.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

《Vinylidene Homologation of Boronic Esters and its Application to the Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Machillene》 was written by Fordham, James M.; Grayson, Matthew N.; Aggarwal, Varinder K.. Product Details of 78782-17-9This research focused onvinylidene homologation boronic ester lithiated epoxysilane; machillene proposed structure synthesis; homologation; natural product; organoboron; stereospecificity; vinyl boronic ester. The article conveys some information:

Alkenyl boronic esters are important reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we report that these valuable products can be accessed by the homologation of boronic esters with lithiated epoxysilanes [thus, e.g., treatment of epoxysilane I in pentane at -95° with TMEDA/tBuLi followed by addition of boronic ester II in pentane, stirring for 1 h, warming to -78° for an addnl. hour and finally warming to room temperature and then 40° for 1 h afforded III (77%)]. Aliphatic and electron-rich aromatic boronic esters provided vinylidene boronic esters in moderate to high yields, while electron-deficient aromatic and vinyl boronic esters were found to give the corresponding vinyl silane products. Through DFT calculations, this divergence in mechanistic pathway has been rationalized by considering the stabilization of neg. charge in the C-Si and C-B bond breaking transition states. This vinylidene homologation was used in a short six-step stereoselective synthesis of the proposed structure of machillene, however, synthetic and reported data were found to be inconsistent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methane(cas: 78782-17-9Product Details of 78782-17-9)

Bis[(pinacolato)boryl]methane(cas: 78782-17-9) belongs to organoboron compounds. Organoboron compounds are versatile intermediates and as such are some of the most important classes of reagents in modern organic chemistry. This stems from their ease of preparation combined with their ability to undergo a broad range of chemical transformations.Product Details of 78782-17-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quality Control of trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochlorideOn May 31, 2019, Dong, Xiaorong; Li, Ma; Liu, Xuefeng; Jiang, He published an article in Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The article was 《Effects of dexamethasone combined with ambroxol hydrochloride on T-Cell subsets and hearing in patients with secretory otitis media》. The article mentions the following:

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dexamethasone combined with ambroxol hydrochloride on T cell subsets and hearing in patients with secretory otitis media. Eighty-six cases of patients with secretory otitis media admitted to “”Gansu Provincal Hospital, Lanzhou, China”” from Sept. 2016 to Sept. 2018 were regarded as subjects of the study. The patients were divided in two groups according to the digital table method. Among them, the control group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride, while the study group was treated with dexamethasone combined with ambroxol hydrochloride. The clin. efficacy, T cytokines before and after treatment, auditory threshold and middle ear resonance frequency were observed and compared between the two groups of the patients. SPSS 18.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data. The therapeutic efficacy of the study group was better than that of the control group and the levels of CD4+, CD417CD8+ after treatment of the study group were higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while the content of CD8+ in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the auditory threshold of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), whereas the middle ear resonance frequency was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The application of dexamethasone combined with ambroxol hydrochloride improved the clin. symptoms and restored hearing in the clin. treatment of patients with secretory otitis media and the therapeutic efficacy was ideal. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4Quality Control of trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride)

trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4) is a medication indicated to alleviate chest congestion associated with conditions that include bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchospasm asthma, cough, and allergy.Quality Control of trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride Preclinically, ambroxol, the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, has been shown to increase respiratory tract secretion.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthetic Route of C13H19Br2ClN2OOn October 1, 2021 ,《Potential pharmacokinetic interaction between orally administered drug and osmotically active excipients in pediatric polypharmacy》 was published in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The article was written by Matsui, Kazuki; Nakagawa, Tomoya; Okumura, Tomonori; Yamane, Miki; Tokunaga, Yuji; Yokota, Shoji. The article contains the following contents:

Poorly absorbable sugar alcs. (e.g., mannitol, sorbitol, and maltitol) are the excipients frequently contained in pediatric dosage forms. Due to their osmotically active properties, certain amount of sugar alcs. reportedly reduces oral bioavailability of concomitant drugs. This fact implies the possible pharmacokinetic interaction between orally administered drug and sugar alcs. which are present in other concomitant medications. The purpose of this study was to identify the possibility and likeliness of the osmotically active excipient-induced pharmacokinetic interaction in pediatric polypharmacy. Previously developed in silico model that captured the osmotic effect of sugar alcs. in adults was expanded to pediatric population. This math. model successfully explained the impaired bioavailability of lamivudine by the co-administered sorbitol in other dosage forms. In the meantime, sugar alc. contents in marketed pediatric dosage forms were investigated by reverse engineering technol. Considering the critical administration dose of sugar alcs. estimated by in silico model, it was revealed that 25 out of 153 pediatric dosage forms were identified as possible perpetrators even under the approved administration and dosage in Japan. This study shed light on the potential pharmacokinetic interaction that cannot be dismissed throughout the pediatric pharmaceutical dosage form design and development. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4Synthetic Route of C13H19Br2ClN2O)

trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4) enhances pulmonary surfactant production and stimulates ciliary activity.Synthetic Route of C13H19Br2ClN2O It promotes mucus clearance, facilitates expectoration and eases productive cough, allowing patients to breathe.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts