Month: October 2022

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 16545-68-9, formula is C3H6O, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , Safety of Cyclopropanol

Wang, Yanmei;Wei, Jie;Cao, Ling;Zhang, Bing;Zhang, Song research published 《 The ultrafast nonradiative processes and photodissociation dynamics investigation of S₁ state in propanal》, the research content is summarized as follows. The ultrafast nonradiative dynamics in the S1 electronic excited state and the corresponding photodissociation dynamics in propanal mols. have been studied with time-resolved photoelectron imaging and time-of-flight mass spectrometry at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm. The population of the S₁ state undergoes ultrafast internal conversion (IC) to the highly vibrationally hot S₀ state in a timescale of <100 fs and nonradiative deactivation by intersystem crossing (ISC) to triplet T₁ state occurring with a time constant of about several hundreds of femtoseconds. The ISC process is then followed by the dissociation on the T¹ surface because the excitation energy is higher than the dissociation barrier along the C-C(HO) bond length coordinate. The dissociation product of the CHO radical has an appearance time of about 540 fs, which agrees well with the measured ISC relaxation time constant of 430 fs. The CO mol. is proposed to form at about 170 fs after the excitation, supporting the dissociation mechanism via the mol. channel following the IC decay of the S₁ state. The energy of the first excited electronic state of the C₃H₆O⁺ is obtained to be 12.25 eV. (c) 2022 American Institute of Physics.

Safety of Cyclopropanol, Cyclopropanol is a cyclopropane in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a member of cyclopropanes and an aliphatic alcohol.
Cyclopropanol is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C3H6O and its molecular weight is 58.08 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Cyclopropanol is a cyclic organic compound that is synthesized from sodium hydroxide solution, nitrogen atoms, and carbonyl groups. Cyclopropanol has shown inhibitory effects on inflammatory bowel disease in rats. This drug also inhibits the production of hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which can lead to ulcers. Cyclopropanol has been found to be effective against bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This drug has been shown to have strong antioxidant properties, which may be due to its ability to reduce hydroxyl radicals., 16545-68-9.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In general, the hydroxyl group makes alcohols polar. 7748-36-9, formula is C3H6O2, Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers. SDS of cas: 7748-36-9

Wang, Yang;Hong, Lei;Tapriyal, Deepak;Kim, In Chul;Paik, Ik-Hyeon;Crosthwaite, Jacob M.;Hamilton, Andrew D.;Thies, Mark C.;Beckman, Eric J.;Enick, Robert M.;Johnson, J. Karl research published 《 Design and Evaluation of Nonfluorous CO₂-Soluble Oligomers and Polymers》, the research content is summarized as follows. Ab initio mol. modeling is used to design nonfluorous polymers that are potentially soluble in liquid CO₂. We have used calculations to design three nonfluorous compounds meant to model the monomeric repeat units of polymers that exhibit multiple favorable binding sites for CO₂. These compounds are methoxy iso-Pr acetate, 2-methoxy ethoxy-propane, and 2-methoxy methoxy-propane. We have synthesized oligomers or polymers based on these small compounds and have tested their solubility in CO₂. All three of these exhibit appreciable solubility in CO₂. At 25°C, oligo(3-acetoxy oxetane)₆ is 5 weight % soluble at 25 MPa, the random copolymer (vinyl methoxymethyl ether₃₀-co-vinyl acetate₉) is 5 weight % soluble at 70 MPa and random copolymer (vinyl 1-methoxyethyl ether₃₀-co-vinyl acetate₉) is 3 weight % soluble at 120 MPa. These oligomers and polymers represent new additions to the very short list of nonfluorous CO₂-soluble polymers. However, none of these are more soluble than poly(vinyl acetate), which exhibits the highest CO₂ solubility of any known polymer containing only the elements C, H, and O.

7748-36-9, Oxetan-3-ol is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C3H6O2 and its molecular weight is 74.08 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Oxetan-3-ol is a synthetic hydroxy compound with the chemical formula C6H12O3. It is an organic solvent that can be used in reactions involving vinyl alcohol and oxetane, such as ring-opening polymerization and cationic polymerization. Oxetan-3-ol has also been shown to react with ethyl bromoacetate to form the corresponding oxetane, which can be used as a bioisostere for chloropropane, a potential replacement for chlorofluorocarbons., SDS of cas: 7748-36-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Some low molecular weight alcohols of industrial importance are produced by the addition of water to alkenes. 7748-36-9, formula is C3H6O2, Ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol are produced by this general method. Two implementations are employed, the direct and indirect methods. Synthetic Route of 7748-36-9

Wang, Xueqin;Xu, Ruiqiu;Zhang, Pang research published 《 Synthesis of 3-hydroxyoxetane and the Finkelstein reaction of its p-toluenesulfonate with sodium iodide》, the research content is summarized as follows. Successive tosylation and benzoylation of HOCH₂CH(OCH₂Ph)CH₂OH gave PhCO₂CH₂CH(OCH₂Ph)CH₂OTs (Ts = p-tosyl), which was cyclized with MeONa in boiling MeOH to give I (R = PhCH₂) (II) in 30% overall yield. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of II gave 90% title compound (I; R = H), which was tosylated to give 86% I (R = Ts) (III). III underwent a slower Finkelstein reaction with NaI than 1,3-di-O-methylglycerol p-tosylate due to the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of the ring O atom.

Synthetic Route of 7748-36-9, Oxetan-3-ol is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C3H6O2 and its molecular weight is 74.08 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Oxetan-3-ol is a synthetic hydroxy compound with the chemical formula C6H12O3. It is an organic solvent that can be used in reactions involving vinyl alcohol and oxetane, such as ring-opening polymerization and cationic polymerization. Oxetan-3-ol has also been shown to react with ethyl bromoacetate to form the corresponding oxetane, which can be used as a bioisostere for chloropropane, a potential replacement for chlorofluorocarbons., 7748-36-9.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In general, the hydroxyl group makes alcohols polar. Those groups can form hydrogen bonds to one another and to most other compounds. 647-42-7, formula is C8H5F13O, Owing to the presence of the polar OH alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons. Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible in water. Butanol, with a four-carbon chain, is moderately soluble. Name: 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctan-1-ol

Wang, Xin;Yang, Bin;Li, Lingxiao;Liu, Tian;Zuo, Shiyi;Chi, Dongxu;He, Zhonggui;Sun, Bingjun;Sun, Jin research published 《 Probing the fluorination effect on the self-assembly characteristics, in vivo fate and antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel prodrug nanoassemblies》, the research content is summarized as follows. Small-mol. prodrug nanoassembly is emerging as an efficient platform for chemotherapy. The self-assembly stability plays a vital role on the drug delivery efficiency of prodrug nanoassembly. It is reported that fluoroalkylation could improve the self-assembly stability of amphiphilic polymers by utilizing the unique fluorination effect. But the application of fluoroalkylation on small-mol. prodrug nanoassembly has never been reported. Here, fluoro-modified prodrug was developed by conjugating paclitaxel with perfluorooctanol (F8-SS-PTX), and the paclitaxel-octanol prodrug (C8-SS-PTX) was used as control. The fluoro-mediated self-assembly mechanisms were illustrated using mol. dynamics simulation. In addition, the impacts of fluoroalkylation on the pharmacy characters, in vivo fate and antitumor effect of small-mol. prodrug nanoassembly were investigated in details. Fluoroalkylation significantly improved the self-assembly stability of F8-SS-PTX NPs both in vitro and in vivo, which could be attributed to the fluoro-mediated hydrophobic force and halogen bonds. The AUC0-24h and tumor accumulation of F8-SS-PTX NPs was 6-fold and 2-fold higher than that of C8-SS-PTX NPs, resp. As a result, F8-SS-PTX NPs exhibited much better antitumor effect than C8-SS-PTX NPs and Abraxane. Fluoroalkylation could improve the self-assembly stability, in vivo fate, and antitumor efficacy of small-mol. prodrug nanoassemblies, which could be an effective strategy for the rational design of advanced nanomedicines.

647-42-7, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctan-1-ol, also known as 1H,1H, 2H, 2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol , is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H5F13O and its molecular weight is 364.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

1H,1H, 2H, 2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol is a material used to improve nanotube composites. It is also used in the synthesis of a recyclable fluorous hydrazine carbothioate compound with NCS to catalyze the acetalization of aldehydes.

1H,1H,2H,2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol is a potent and selective halogenated hydrocarbon. It binds to DNA at the dinucleotide phosphate site, which is an important site for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) activation. 1HFN has been shown to be more effective than other halogenated hydrocarbons in vitro assays on rat liver microsomes. It has been used as an additive in wastewater treatment to remove organic contaminants and metal ions. In vivo studies have been carried out in CD-1 mice to determine the effects of 1HFN on the liver and kidneys; these studies showed no toxicological effects on these organs. 1HFN also has been shown to inhibit enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and monoamine oxidase B that are involved in drug metabolism and may lead to adverse reactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes., Name: 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 527-07-1, formula is C6H11NaO7, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , Application of C6H11NaO7

Wang, Xiao-Ting;Wen, Zhang-Nan;Luo, Yong;Sun, Bao-Chang;Shao, Yan-Yun;Chu, Guang-Wen research published 《 Oxygen mass transfer intensification in an inner-loop rotor-stator reactor: Production of sodium gluconate as an example》, the research content is summarized as follows. The biocatalytic oxidation exists widely in biochem. industry. However, the oxidation reaction rate is usually limited by oxygen mass transfer. In this work, an inner-loop rotor-stator reactor (IL-RSR) was employed as a promising reactor for the process intensification of oxygen mass transfer, aiming to match the rate of oxidation reaction. The oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) of the IL-RSR was exptl. studied. Then, the biocatalytic oxidation of glucose to produce sodium gluconate (SG) was selected as an example of working system to evaluate biocatalytic oxidation performance of the IL-RSR. The results indicated that the exptl. value of kLa was in the range of 0.00984∼0.02758 s-1 in the IL-RSR. The SG production rate was up to 6∼12 g/(L·h) in the IL-RSR, which was 7 times that in a stirred tank reactor (STR). IL-RSR shows potential prospects in the field of biocatalytic oxidations

527-07-1, Sodium Gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid with chelating property. Sodium gluconate chelates and forms stable complexes with various ions, preventing them from engaging in chemical reactions.
Sodium gluconate is an organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion. It has a role as a chelator. It contains a D-gluconate.
D-Gluconic acid sodium salt is a glycol ether that is used as an injection solution. It has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against wild-type strains of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antimicrobial action of D-gluconic acid sodium salt was found to be due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. D-gluconic acid sodium salt also has been shown to have antihypertensive effects in rats through the inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) signaling pathway and erythrocyte proliferation. This drug also has been shown to bind benzalkonium chloride and x-ray diffraction data show that it is crystalline in nature. The analytical method for determining the concentration of D-gluconic acid sodium salt is by electrochemical impedance, Application of C6H11NaO7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 533-73-3, formula is C6H6O3, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , Recommanded Product: Benzene-1,2,4-triol

Wang, Qiao;Wang, Peng;Xu, Peng;Hu, Limin;Wang, Xiaojing;Qu, Jianhua;Zhang, Guangshan research published 《 Submerged membrane photocatalytic reactor for advanced treatment of p-nitrophenol wastewater through visible-light-driven photo-Fenton reactions》, the research content is summarized as follows. A submerged membrane photocatalytic reactor (SMPR) was constructed for the advanced treatment of p-nitrophenol (PNP) wastewater and rapid recycling of powdery catalyst, including a suspended photocatalytic system and a submerged microfiltration (MF) membrane system. To evaluate the performance of the SMPR, a visible-light responsive Fe(III)-ZnS/g-C3N4 photo-Fenton catalyst was successfully synthesized by the microwave hydrothermal method, and several techniques were used to characterize the resulting catalyst. The key operation factors on the wastewater treatment efficiency were successively optimized. When the influent PNP concentration was 10 mg·L-1, initial pH was 5, catalyst dosage was 1.0 g·L-1, H2O2 concentration was 170 mg·L-1, aeration rate was 0.50 m3·h-1, and operation time was 4 h, the PNP removal rate was 91.6% by the SMPR under simulated solar light irradiation The rejection rate of the catalyst by the MF membrane was 100%, which realized the rapid separation and recycling of the suspended catalyst powders and avoided the catalyst loss and secondary pollution. The toxicity calculation results of PNP and its possible degradation products indicated that the toxicity of PNP wastewater decreased overall after the visible-light-driven photo-Fenton reactions. This study provided a combined photocatalysis-membrane filtration process that had a high treatment efficiency of refractory wastewater and solved the problem about the separation and recycling of the powdery catalyst synchronously.

Recommanded Product: Benzene-1,2,4-triol, Benzene-1, 2, 4-triol, also known as hydroxyhydroquinone or 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyquinols and derivatives. Hydroxyquinols and derivatives are compounds containing a 1, 2, 4-trihydroxybenzene moiety. Benzene-1, 2, 4-triol is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, benzene-1, 2, 4-triol can be found in tea. This makes benzene-1, 2, 4-triol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzene-1,2,4-triol is a benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. It has a role as a mouse metabolite.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a metabolite of benzene.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is an intermediary metabolite of benzene that is present in roasted coffee beans. It is mutagenic and it causes cleaving of DNA single strands by the generation of reactive oxygen species.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a reactive molecule that has been shown to have hydrogen bonding interactions with copper chloride. It has been proposed as an inhibitor of methyltransferase, which is involved in the synthesis of methionine. Studies have shown that 1,2,4-Benzenetriol can also inhibit iron homeostasis and transfer reactions. The x-ray diffraction data for this compound shows that it forms a complex with the hydroxyl group. This complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxylic proton of the 1,2,4-benzenetriol molecule. 1,2,4-Benzenetriol has been shown to be toxic to HL-60 cells and K562 cells at concentrations greater than 5 mM. It has also been found to be effective against chlorogenic acids and other compounds in energy metabolism studies at concentrations between 0.5 and 2 mM., 533-73-3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 647-42-7, formula is C8H5F13O, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , Quality Control of 647-42-7

Wang, Qi;Ruan, Yuefei;Zhao, Zhen;Zhang, Lu;Hua, Xia;Jin, Litao;Chen, Hao;Wang, Yu;Yao, Yiming;Lam, Paul K. S.;Zhu, Lingyan;Sun, Hongwen research published 《 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Three-North Shelter Forest in northern China: First survey on the effects of forests on the behavior of PFAS》, the research content is summarized as follows. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of anthropogenic chems., that have attracted increasing attention since the early 2000 s. Although forests have been shown to act as a filter and important sink for nonpolar persistent organic pollutants (POPs), relevant reports on PFAS are lacking. Air, soil, and leaf samples were collected inside and outside the forest from two regions of the Three-North Shelter Forest in northern China between 2017 and 2018. Twenty-seven PFAS were analyzed to study the effect of forest on the transport and fate of PFAS. The average ratios of PFAS in the air outside to inside the forest (Qair) ranged from 2.83 ± 0.78-10.6 ± 3.1. A significant pos. correlation was found between Qair and the n-octanol-air partition coefficient of individual PFAS (p = 0.041). Higher Qair values for most ionic PFAS were found in broad-leaved forests than in coniferous forests. Soil samples outside the forests showed higher PFAS levels than those inside. The measured concentrations of 8:2 fluorotelomer alc., a volatile neutral PFAS, in leaf samples were two orders of magnitude higher than those estimated using the equilibrium leaf-air partition of nonpolar POPs, indicating that it may not fit the case of PFAS with surface activity.

Quality Control of 647-42-7, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctan-1-ol, also known as 1H,1H, 2H, 2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol , is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C8H5F13O and its molecular weight is 364.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.

1H,1H, 2H, 2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol is a material used to improve nanotube composites. It is also used in the synthesis of a recyclable fluorous hydrazine carbothioate compound with NCS to catalyze the acetalization of aldehydes.

1H,1H,2H,2H-Tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol is a potent and selective halogenated hydrocarbon. It binds to DNA at the dinucleotide phosphate site, which is an important site for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) activation. 1HFN has been shown to be more effective than other halogenated hydrocarbons in vitro assays on rat liver microsomes. It has been used as an additive in wastewater treatment to remove organic contaminants and metal ions. In vivo studies have been carried out in CD-1 mice to determine the effects of 1HFN on the liver and kidneys; these studies showed no toxicological effects on these organs. 1HFN also has been shown to inhibit enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and monoamine oxidase B that are involved in drug metabolism and may lead to adverse reactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes., 647-42-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. 533-73-3, formula is C6H6O3, Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols however are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids, and fatty acids. , SDS of cas: 533-73-3

Wang, Pin;Bu, Lingjun;Wu, Yangtao;Deng, Jing;Zhou, Shiqing research published 《 Mechanistic insights into paracetamol transformation in UV/NH₂Cl process: Experimental and theoretical study》, the research content is summarized as follows. The UV/monochloramine (NH₂Cl) process is an advanced oxidation process that can effectively remove emerging contaminants (ECs). However, the degradation mechanisms of reactive radicals with ECs are not clear. In this work, we combined theor. calculations with exptl. studies to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of radical-mediated degradation of paracetamol (AAP) in UV/NH₂Cl process. The degradation of AAP in UV/NH₂Cl process accords with the pseudo first-order kinetics. Impact factors including NH₂Cl dose, pH, natural organic matter, HCO^–₃, and NO^–₃ were evaluated. The reaction mechanisms of AAP with hydroxyl radical (HO·), reactive chlorine species (RCS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were discussed in detail. Specifically, HO· attacked AAP mainly through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and radical adduct formation (RAF), while Cl^·-2 play a certain role through single electron transfer (SET). ·NH₂ and Cl· destructed AAP mainly through HAT. Based on the mechanism anal., the second-order rate constants of AAP reacts with HO·, Cl·, ·NH₂, ClO·, Cl·^–₂ and ·NO₂ were calculated through transition state theory as 2.66×109 M^-1 s^-1, 2.61×109 M^-1 s^-1, 1.02×107 M^-1 s^-1, 7.74×106 M^-1 s^-1, 1.32×106 M-1 s-1, 1.48×103 M-1 s-1 resp. The second-order rate constants were then used to distinguish the contribution of radicals to the degradation of AAP. Thirteen transformation products were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Combined active sites with potential energy surface, the detailed reaction pathways were proposed. Overall, this study provides deep insights into the mechanism of radical-mediated degradation of AAP.

SDS of cas: 533-73-3, Benzene-1, 2, 4-triol, also known as hydroxyhydroquinone or 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyquinols and derivatives. Hydroxyquinols and derivatives are compounds containing a 1, 2, 4-trihydroxybenzene moiety. Benzene-1, 2, 4-triol is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, benzene-1, 2, 4-triol can be found in tea. This makes benzene-1, 2, 4-triol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzene-1,2,4-triol is a benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. It has a role as a mouse metabolite.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a metabolite of benzene.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is an intermediary metabolite of benzene that is present in roasted coffee beans. It is mutagenic and it causes cleaving of DNA single strands by the generation of reactive oxygen species.
1,2,4-Benzenetriol is a reactive molecule that has been shown to have hydrogen bonding interactions with copper chloride. It has been proposed as an inhibitor of methyltransferase, which is involved in the synthesis of methionine. Studies have shown that 1,2,4-Benzenetriol can also inhibit iron homeostasis and transfer reactions. The x-ray diffraction data for this compound shows that it forms a complex with the hydroxyl group. This complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxylic proton of the 1,2,4-benzenetriol molecule. 1,2,4-Benzenetriol has been shown to be toxic to HL-60 cells and K562 cells at concentrations greater than 5 mM. It has also been found to be effective against chlorogenic acids and other compounds in energy metabolism studies at concentrations between 0.5 and 2 mM., 533-73-3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

With respect to acute toxicity, simple alcohols have low acute toxicities. Doses of several milliliters are tolerated. 24034-73-9, formula is C20H34O, For pentanols, hexanols, octanols and longer alcohols, LD50 range from 2–5 g/kg (rats, oral). Ethanol is less acutely toxic.All alcohols are mild skin irritants. Name: (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-ol

Wang, Nan;Yang, Linjiao;Shang, Lili;Liang, Zhaojun;Wang, Yanlin;Feng, Min;Yu, Shuting;Li, Xiaoying;Gao, Chong;Li, Zhenyu;Luo, Jing research published 《 Altered fecal metabolomics and potential biomarkers of psoriatic arthritis differing from rheumatoid arthritis》, the research content is summarized as follows. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, and the diagnosis is quite difficult due to the unavailability of reliable clin. markers. This study aimed to investigate the fecal metabolites in PsA by comparison with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for PsA. The metabolic profiles of the fecal samples from 27 PsA and 29 RA patients and also 36 healthy controls (HCs) were performed on ultrahigh- performance liquid chromatog. coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). And differentially altered metabolites were screened and assessed using multivariate anal. for exploring the potential biomarkers of PsA. The results showed that 154 fecal metabolites were significantly altered in PsA patients when compared with HCs, and 45 metabolites were different when compared with RA patients. A total of 14 common differential metabolites could be defined as candidate biomarkers. Furthermore, a support vector machines (SVM) model was performed to distinguish PsA from RA patients and HCs, and 5 fecal metabolites, namely, α/β-turmerone, glycerol 1-hexadecanoate, dihydrosphingosine, pantothenic acid and glutamine, were determined as biomarkers for PsA. Through the metabolic pathways anal., we found that the abnormality of amino acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and lipid metabolism might contribute to the occurrence and development of PsA. In summary, our research provided ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of PsA by identifying fecal biomarkers and analyzing metabolic pathways.

Name: (2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-ol, Geranylgeraniol is a diterpenoid that is hexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15 and a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a volatile oil component and an antileishmanial agent. It is a diterpenoid and a polyprenol.

Geranylgeraniol, a precursor to geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, is an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol has been shown to prevent bone re-absorption, inhibition of osteoclast formation, and kinase activation in vitro. When working with statins, Geranylgeraniol can reduce the toxicity without inhibiting the cholesterol-producing effects. Geranylgeraniol has been documented to counteract the effects of fluvastatin by inhibiting activation of caspase-1 and production of IL-1. Additionally Geranylgeraniol has been found to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
, 24034-73-9.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

With respect to acute toxicity, simple alcohols have low acute toxicities. Doses of several milliliters are tolerated. 72824-04-5, formula is C9H17BO2, For pentanols, hexanols, octanols and longer alcohols, LD50 range from 2–5 g/kg (rats, oral). Ethanol is less acutely toxic.All alcohols are mild skin irritants. Name: 2-Allyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Wang, Min;Liu, Xiao;Wang, Liying;Lu, Haifeng;Gao, Hongyin research published 《 Cooperative Gold/Zinc-catalyzed Cascade Approach to Tryptophan Derivatives from N-arylhydroxylamines and Alkynes》, the research content is summarized as follows. A cooperative gold/zinc catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of tryptophan derivatives from easily prepared N-arylhydroxylamines and chiral amino acid tethered alkynes with high efficiency has been developed. The structurally diverse tryptophan derivatives including pharmaceutical relevant mols. can be readily prepared by this method. This tandem transformation starts from acyclic simple materials rather than the existing methods by modifying indole skeletons.

72824-04-5, Allylboronic acid pinacol ester is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C9H17BO2 and its molecular weight is 168.04 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
Allylboronic acid pinacol ester is an allylation reagent that is used to produce aldehydes from ketones. It reacts with water, yielding the desired product and formaldehyde as a byproduct. The reaction proceeds through a sequence of steps, in which the boronate ester first reacts with water to form an allylboronate ion and hydrogen gas. This intermediate then reacts with potassium t-butoxide to produce the desired allyl alcohol and potassium borohydride. Finally, the palladium complex catalyst reduces the carbonyl group of the starting material, converting it into an aldehyde. Allylboronic acid pinacol ester is commercially available as a white solid, but can also be synthesized from 2-chloro-5-pinacolylborane (pinacol) in high yield using catalytic cross coupling reactions., Name: 2-Allyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts