Month: October 2022

Barlow, Thomas; Dipple, Anthony published an article on January 31 ,1998. The article was titled 《Aralkylation of Guanosine with p-Substituted Styrene Oxides》, and you may find the article in Chemical Research in Toxicology.Product Details of 157142-48-8 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

To probe mechanisms of nucleoside aralkylation, product distributions and product stereochemistries were determined in reactions of optically active p-methyl- and p-bromo-styrene oxide with guanosine. The proportion of 7-, N2- and O6-substituted guanosine products was 0.32:0.62:0.06 in neutral, aqueous reactions of the (R) p-methylstyrene oxide and 0.85:0.09:0.04 in reactions with the (R) p-bromostyrene oxide. The exocyclic positions opened The epoxide at the α-carbon. Epoxide ring-opening by the nitrogen at the 7-position showed little preference for the α- or β-carbons in reactions with p-methylstyrene oxide. However, the p-bromostyrene oxide favored reaction at the β-carbon almost 4-fold over reaction at the α-carbon. Almost total inversion of stereochem. was found to occur in reactions at the 7-position. In contrast, the ratio of inversion to retention of configuration in N- and O-substituted products was 2:1 and 1:1 for reactions with the p-methylstyrene oxide and 6:1 and 3:1 for reactions with p-bromostyrene oxide, resp. These experiments suggest that an SN2 mechanism is in effect with reactions at the 7-position, whereas substrates of an increasingly ionic nature are involved in reactions at the N2- and O6- positions, resp. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-Amino-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-ol(cas: 157142-48-8Product Details of 157142-48-8)

2-Amino-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-ol(cas: 157142-48-8) belongs to anime. Amines have a free lone pair with which they can coordinate to metal centers. Amine–metal bonds are weaker because amines are incapable of backbonding, but they are still important for sensing applications.While stronger than hydrogen bonds, amine–metal bonds are still weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds.Product Details of 157142-48-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Holmes, Sean T.; Vojvodin, Cameron S.; Schurko, Robert W. published their research in Journal of Physical Chemistry A on December 10 ,2020. The article was titled 《Dispersion-Corrected DFT Methods for Applications in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Crystallography》.Electric Literature of C13H19Br2ClN2O The article contains the following contents:

Nuclear elec. field gradient (EFG) tensor parameters depend strongly on electronic structures, making their calculation from first principles an excellent metric for the prediction, refinement, and optimization of crystal structures. Here, we use plane-wave d. functional theory (DFT) calculations of EFG tensors in organic solids to optimize the Grimme (D2) and Tkatchenko-Scheffler (TS) at.-pairwise force field dispersion corrections. Refinements using these new force field correction methods result in better representations of true crystal structures, as gauged by calculations of 177 14N, 17O, and 35Cl EFG tensors from 95 materials. The most striking result is the degree by which calculations of 35Cl EFG tensors of chloride ions match with experiment, due to the ability of these new methods to properly locate the positions of hydrogen atoms participating in H···Cl- hydrogen bonds. These refined structures also feature at. coordinates that are more similar to those of neutron diffraction structures than those obtained from calculations that do not employ the optimized force fields. Addnl., we assess the quality of these new energy-minimization protocols for the prediction of 15N magnetic shielding tensors and unit cell volumes, which complement the larger anal. using EFG tensors, since these quantities have different phys. origins. It is hoped that these results will be useful in future NMR crystallog. studies and will be of great interest to a wide variety of researchers, in fields including NMR spectroscopy, computational chem., crystallog., pharmaceutical sciences, and crystal engineering. In the experiment, the researchers used trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4Electric Literature of C13H19Br2ClN2O)

trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4) is a medication indicated to alleviate chest congestion associated with conditions that include bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchospasm asthma, cough, and allergy.Electric Literature of C13H19Br2ClN2O Preclinically, ambroxol, the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, has been shown to increase respiratory tract secretion.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2008,Chemistry – An Asian Journal included an article by Gabert, Andrea J.; Schrock, Richard R.; Muller, Peter. Computed Properties of C24H34O2. The article was titled 《Synthesis of bifunctional imido alkylidene bispyrrolide complexes of molybdenum and their conversion into bifunctional imido alkylidene diolate complexes that can be employed as ROMP initiators》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Addition of four equivalent of lithium 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide to a solution of [Mo(NAr)(ORF6)2(CHC5H4)]2Fe (ORF6 = OCMe(CF3)2) in dichloromethane led to [Mo(NAr)(Me2Pyr)2(CHC5H4)]2Fe (I) where Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide and lithium hexafluoro-tert-butoxide, which crystallizes out upon cooling the reaction mixture to -35°C. Attempts to prepare parent pyrrolide complexes analogous to I resulted in the formation of a mixture of two products. The one that could be isolated contains one equivalent of lithium pyrrolide per molybdenum, that is [Mo(NAr)(Pyr)3(CHC5H4)]2FeLi2 (II). The X-ray structure obtained shows it to be a dimer of dimers in which each lithium atom is bound to three pyrrolides. Addition of four equivalent of lithium 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide to [Mo(NAr)(ORF6)2]2(DME)2(CH-1,4-C6H4CH) in cold DME produced [Mo(NAr)(Me2Pyr)2]2(CH-1,4-C6H4CH) (III) in good yield, in which the bridging alkylidene is derived from 1,4-divinylbenzene. Three equivalent of (S)-H2[Biphen] are required for a clean reaction with II to form [Mo(NAr)(Biphen)(CHC5H4)]2Fe (IV) (H2[Biphen]=3,3′-di-tert-butyl-5,5′,6,6′-tetramethyl-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diol), Li2[Biphen], and two equivalent of pyrrole. Reactions involving III with the chiral diols are the best behaved. Brown [Mo(NAr)(Benz2Bitet)]2(CH-1,4-C6H4CH) (V) can be isolated upon addition of (R)-H2[Benz2Bitet] H2[Benz2Bitet] = (3,3′-dibenzhydryl-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol) to 4, while addition of (R)-H2[Mes2Bitet] (H2[Mes2Bitet] = 3,3′-dimesityl-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol) to 4 yields [Mo(NAr)(Mes2Bitet)]2(CH-1,4-C6H4CH) (VI). Compounds IV, V, and VI were employed as initiators for the polymerization of 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD) and 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)norbornadiene (NBDF6).(R)-3,3′-Di-tert-butyl-5,5′,6,6′-tetramethylbiphenyl-2,2′-diol(cas: 329735-68-4Computed Properties of C24H34O2) was used in this study.

(R)-3,3′-Di-tert-butyl-5,5′,6,6′-tetramethylbiphenyl-2,2′-diol(cas: 329735-68-4) belongs to phenols. Phenols are more acidic than typical alcohols. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Computed Properties of C24H34O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2019,Helvetica Chimica Acta included an article by Kuzniewski, Christian N.; Glauser, Simon; Gaugaz, Fabienne Z.; Schiess, Raphael; Rodriguez-Salarichs, Javier; Vetterli, Stefan; Horlacher, Oliver P.; Gertsch, Juerg; Redondo-Horcajo, Mariano; Canales, Angeles; Jimenez-Barbero, Jesus; Diaz, Jose Fernando; Altmann, Karl-Heinz. Quality Control of (R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol. The article was titled 《Synthesis, Profiling, and Bioactive Conformation of trans-Cyclopropyl Epothilones》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A series of new 3-deoxy-C(12),C(13)-trans-cyclopropyl-epothilones have been prepared, bearing benzothiazole, quinoline, thiazol-5-ylvinyl, or isoxazol-3-ylvinyl side chains (I – IV, resp.). For analogs with fused aromatic side chains, macrocyclic ring-closure was based on ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) of a precursor incorporating the fully elaborated heavy atom framework of the target structure (including the side chain moiety), while side chain attachment for the thiazole and isoxazole-containing 16-desmethyl analogs was performed only after establishment of the macrolactone core. Two approaches were elaborated for a macrocyclic aldehyde as the common precursor for the latter analogs that involved ring-closure either by RCM or by macrolactonization. Benzothiazole- and quinoline-based analogs were found to be highly potent antiproliferative agents; the two analogs with a thiazol-5-ylvinyl or an isoxazol-3-ylvinyl side chain likewise showed good antiproliferative activity but were significantly less potent than the parent epothilone A. Surprisingly, the desaturation of the C(10)-C(11) bond in these analogs was associated with a virtually complete loss in antiproliferative activity, which likely reflects a requirement for a ca. 60 ° C(10)-C(11) torsion angle in the tubulin-bound conformation of 12,13-trans-epothilones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol(cas: 57044-25-4Quality Control of (R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol)

(R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol(cas: 57044-25-4) is a chiral building block used to construct an epoxyvinyl iodide intermediate in a synthesis of a furanocembrane, a marine natural product.Quality Control of (R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2020,Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) included an article by Nasir, Nur’Izzah Md.; Abdulmalek, Emilia; Zainuddin, Norhazlin. Computed Properties of C6H12O6. The article was titled 《Preparation and optimization of water-soluble cationic sago starch with a high degree of substitution using response surface methodology》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Modification and characterizations of cationic sago starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) prepared via etherification reaction was reported in this study. The optimization of cationic sago starch modification was performed by utilizing the combination of response surface methodol. and central composite design (RSM/CCD). The effect of each variable and the interaction between the three variables, the concentration of CHPTAC, concentration of the catalyst NaOH, and the reaction times on the degree of substitution (DS) of the product were investigated and modeled. Moderate conditions were employed and a water-soluble cationic sago starch with high DS value was obtained. Based on RSM, the highest DS = 1.195 was obtained at optimum conditions: 0.615 mol of CHPTAC concentration (CHPTAC/SS = 5), 30% w/v NaOH, and 5 h reaction time, at 60°C reaction temperature Furthermore, the cationic sago starch was characterized using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, XRD, and field emission SEM, FESEM. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol(cas: 54-17-1Computed Properties of C6H12O6)

rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol(cas: 54-17-1) is the monohydrate form of the alpha isoform of D-glucopyranose, a synthetic simple monosaccharide that is used as an energy source.Computed Properties of C6H12O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2021,Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin included an article by Ijitsu, Shin; Hoashi, Yohei; Hori, Koji; Okimoto, Kazuto; Kai, Toshiya; Yoshida, Miyako; Uchida, Takahiro. Product Details of 23828-92-4. The article was titled 《Preparation of novel functional drug particles embedded in a gelling-swelling layer (PEGS) for taste masking and subsequent rapid drug release》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The purpose of this research was to develop novel functional drug particles embedded in a gelling-swelling layer (PEGS) which are capable of achieving both taste-masking of unpalatable drugs and rapid drug elution. The functional particles had a three-layer structure consisting of a core drug layer, a gelling-swelling layer and an outer water-penetration control layer containing a water-insoluble polymer. The concept of formulation design was as follows: when water reaches the gelling-swelling layer, pulverized fine gelling-swelling particles gellate and swell from water absorption to form a rigid layer, thereby preventing drug release. After a defined lag time, the increased volume of the gelling-swelling layer breaks down the outer water-penetration control layer, leading to rapid drug release. In order to adapt this system for use in orally disintegrating tablets, PEGS were prepared at a size of about 250μm using a fine particle-coating method. Ambroxol hydrochloride was used as a model drug for bitterness and the effects of different gelling-swelling agents and water-insoluble polymers on drug release characteristics from PEGS were examined In in vitro dissolution tests, it was shown that the drug dissolution rate from PEGS could be suppressed to about 5% after 2 min and increased to more than 85% after 30 min by adjusting the composition and thickness of the outer layer. The PEGS expanded about 1.5-fold and the outer layer was ruptured after 5 min in water. The experimental process involved the reaction of trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4Product Details of 23828-92-4)

trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride(cas: 23828-92-4) is a medication indicated to alleviate chest congestion associated with conditions that include bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchospasm asthma, cough, and allergy.Product Details of 23828-92-4 Preclinically, ambroxol, the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, has been shown to increase respiratory tract secretion.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sanceau, Jean-Yves; Maltais, Rene; Poirier, Donald; Marette, Andre published an article on January 18 ,2019. The article was titled 《Total Synthesis of the Antidiabetic (Type 2) Lipid Mediator Protectin DX/PDX》, and you may find the article in Journal of Organic Chemistry.Electric Literature of C3H6O2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The first total synthesis of a lipid mediator derived from natural ω-3-fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 10S,17S-diHDHA (also referred to as protectin DX/PDX), was achieved in a convergent route (29 steps). The two chiral hydroxyl groups at C-10 and C-17 were derived from readily available (S)-1,2,4-butanetriol and (R)-glycidol, resp. The two stereodefined E-double bonds were generated by a Takai olefination, and the skipped diene side chain was introduced with a stereocontrolled Wittig olefination. Importantly, the sensitive conjugated E,Z,E-triene intermediate was generated by a Boland reduction of the central triple bond of a E,E-dienyne. Overall, this synthetic strategy should allow the preparation of a larger quantity of PDX, which is inaccessible via previously reported biosynthetic approaches.(R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol(cas: 57044-25-4Electric Literature of C3H6O2) was used in this study.

(R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol(cas: 57044-25-4) is a chiral building block used to construct an epoxyvinyl iodide intermediate in a synthesis of a furanocembrane, a marine natural product.Electric Literature of C3H6O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《Synthesis and evaluation of water-soluble 2-aryl-1-sulfonylpyrrolidine derivatives as bacterial biofilm formation inhibitors》 were Smolobochkin, Andrey V.; Muravyeva, Ekaterina A.; Vagapova, Liliya I.; Knyazeva, Irina R.; Voronina, Julia K.; Burilov, Alexander R.; Pudovik, Michail A.; Gildebrant, Anastasiya V.; Sazykin, Ivan S.; Sazykina, Marina A.; Gazizov, Almir S.. And the article was published in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2019. Safety of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine The author mentioned the following in the article:

The approach to the novel 1-[(2-aminoethyl)sulfonyl]-2-arylpyrrolidines via unique intramol. cyclization/aza-Michael reactions of N-(4,4-diethoxybutyl)ethenesulfonamide have been developed, which benefits from high yields of target compounds, mild reaction conditions, usage of inexpensive and low-toxic reagents, and allows for wide variability in both amine and aryl moieties. Biotesting with whole-cell luminescent bacterial biosensors responding to DNA damage showed that all tested compounds are not genotoxic. Tested compounds differently affect the formation of biofilms by Vibrio aquamarinus DSM 26054. Some of the tested compounds were found to suppress the bacterial biofilms growth and thus are promising candidates for further studies.4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine(cas: 6346-09-4Safety of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine) was used in this study.

4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine(cas: 6346-09-4) belongs to anime. The methylamines occur in small amounts in some plants. Many polyfunctional amines (i.e., those having other functional groups in the molecule) occur as alkaloids in plants—for example, mescaline, 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine; the cyclic amines nicotine, atropine, morphine, and cocaine; and the quaternary salt choline, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, which is present in nerve synapses and in plant and animal cells.Safety of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2012,Rice, Kenneth D.; Aay, Naing; Anand, Neel K.; Blazey, Charles M.; Bowles, Owen J.; Bussenius, Joerg; Costanzo, Simona; Curtis, Jeffry K.; Defina, Steven C.; Dubenko, Larisa; Engst, Stefan; Joshi, Anagha A.; Kennedy, Abigail R.; Kim, Angie I.; Koltun, Elena S.; Lougheed, Julie C.; Manalo, Jean-Claire L.; Martini, Jean-Francois; Nuss, John M.; Peto, Csaba J.; Tsang, Tsze H.; Yu, Peiwen; Johnston, Stuart published 《Novel Carboxamide-Based Allosteric MEK Inhibitors: Discovery and Optimization Efforts toward XL518 (GDC-0973)》.ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters published the findings.Electric Literature of C3H8ClNO The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The ERK/MAP kinase cascade is a key mechanism subject to dysregulation in cancer and is constitutively activated or highly upregulated in many tumor types. Mutations associated with upstream pathway components RAS and Raf occur frequently and contribute to the oncogenic phenotype through activation of MEK and then ERK. Inhibitors of MEK have been shown to effectively block upregulated ERK/MAPK signaling in a range of cancer cell lines and have further demonstrated early evidence of efficacy in the clinic for the treatment of cancer. Guided by structural insight, a strategy aimed at the identification of an optimal diphenylamine-based MEK inhibitor with an improved metabolism and safety profile vs. PD-0325901 led to the discovery of development candidate 1-({3,4-difluoro-2-[(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino]phenyl}carbonyl)-3-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]azetidin-3-ol (XL518, GDC-0973) (I). I exhibits robust in vitro and in vivo potency and efficacy in preclin. models with sustained duration of action and is currently in early stage clin. trials. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas: 18621-18-6Electric Literature of C3H8ClNO)

Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:18621-18-6) is one of azetidine.Azetidines (azacyclobutanes) constitute a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds. Azetidine scaffold has been discovered in several natural products.Electric Literature of C3H8ClNO Several pharmacologically important synthetic compounds also contain azetidine ring. Because of inherent ring strain, the synthesis of azetidines is a challenging endeavor.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2016,Johansson, Anders; Loefberg, Christian; Antonsson, Madeleine; von Unge, Sverker; Hayes, Martin A.; Judkins, Robert; Ploj, Karolina; Benthem, Lambertus; Linden, Daniel; Brodin, Peter; Wennerberg, Marie; Fredenwall, Marlene; Li, Lanna; Persson, Joachim; Bergman, Rolf; Pettersen, Anna; Gennemark, Peter; Hogner, Anders published 《Discovery of (3-(4-(2-Oxa-6-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-ylmethyl)phenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanone (AZD1979), a Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHr1) Antagonist with Favorable Physicochemical Properties》.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published the findings.Related Products of 18621-18-6 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A novel series of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists were the starting point for a drug discovery program that culminated in the discovery of 103 (AZD1979). The lead optimization program was conducted with a focus on reducing lipophilicity and understanding the physicochem. properties governing CNS exposure and undesired off-target pharmacol. such as hERG interactions. An integrated approach was taken where the key assay was ex vivo receptor occupancy in mice. The candidate compound 103 displayed appropriate lipophilicity for a CNS indication and showed excellent permeability with no efflux. Preclin. GLP toxicol. and safety pharmacol. studies were without major findings and 103 was taken into clin. trials. In the experiment, the researchers used Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas: 18621-18-6Related Products of 18621-18-6)

Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:18621-18-6) is one of azetidine.Azetidines (azacyclobutanes) constitute a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds. Azetidine scaffold has been discovered in several natural products.Related Products of 18621-18-6 Several pharmacologically important synthetic compounds also contain azetidine ring. Because of inherent ring strain, the synthesis of azetidines is a challenging endeavor.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts